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Shallow doping at multiple energy levels to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of water-splitting α-Fe2O3 electrodes
Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), an n-type semiconducting material, is considered one of the most promising photoanodes for water splitting, yet exhibits unsatisfactory photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity stemming from poor conductivity and inferior charge carrier transport. Doping is an effective strategy t...
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| Published in: | Research on chemical intermediates 2024-11, Vol.50 (11), p.5223-5234 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| container_end_page | 5234 |
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| container_title | Research on chemical intermediates |
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| creator | Hu, Yingfei Cui, Haiyun Huang, Huiting Mao, Zhengguo Lin, Qing Guan, Hangmin Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Jun |
| description | Hematite (α-Fe
2
O
3
), an n-type semiconducting material, is considered one of the most promising photoanodes for water splitting, yet exhibits unsatisfactory photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity stemming from poor conductivity and inferior charge carrier transport. Doping is an effective strategy to improve conductivity and enhance carrier transport in α-Fe
2
O
3
. However, there is a limit of the doping method, because some dopants will pin the Fermi level via defect complexes and aggregate carrier recombination, leading to positive shift of onset potential and depressed saturated photocurrent. Herein, a strategy based on shallow dopants locating at multiple energy levels is developed to surpass the restriction by introducing niobium (Nb) into the titanium-doped Fe
2
O
3
(Ti-Fe
2
O
3
) through post-treatment. The resulting Nb/Ti-Fe
2
O
3
composite film is confirmed to further increase the carrier concentration of Ti-Fe
2
O
3
and exhibit a 625% increase in saturated water-splitting photocurrent without positively shifted photocurrent onset. This study paves a new way for further advancement of the PEC water splitting. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11164-024-05406-2 |
| format | article |
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2
O
3
), an n-type semiconducting material, is considered one of the most promising photoanodes for water splitting, yet exhibits unsatisfactory photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity stemming from poor conductivity and inferior charge carrier transport. Doping is an effective strategy to improve conductivity and enhance carrier transport in α-Fe
2
O
3
. However, there is a limit of the doping method, because some dopants will pin the Fermi level via defect complexes and aggregate carrier recombination, leading to positive shift of onset potential and depressed saturated photocurrent. Herein, a strategy based on shallow dopants locating at multiple energy levels is developed to surpass the restriction by introducing niobium (Nb) into the titanium-doped Fe
2
O
3
(Ti-Fe
2
O
3
) through post-treatment. The resulting Nb/Ti-Fe
2
O
3
composite film is confirmed to further increase the carrier concentration of Ti-Fe
2
O
3
and exhibit a 625% increase in saturated water-splitting photocurrent without positively shifted photocurrent onset. This study paves a new way for further advancement of the PEC water splitting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0922-6168</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1568-5675</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05406-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Carrier density ; Carrier recombination ; Carrier transport ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Current carriers ; Dopants ; Doping ; Energy levels ; Ferric oxide ; Hematite ; Inorganic Chemistry ; N-type semiconductors ; Niobium ; Photoanodes ; Photoelectric effect ; Photoelectric emission ; Physical Chemistry ; Titanium ; Water splitting</subject><ispartof>Research on chemical intermediates, 2024-11, Vol.50 (11), p.5223-5234</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-6b81e4e2cba3f0483c5f50b63b125672cd6b8837f8b56e1b2e0155029ac157593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yingfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Haiyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Huiting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Zhengguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Hangmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuanyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><title>Shallow doping at multiple energy levels to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of water-splitting α-Fe2O3 electrodes</title><title>Research on chemical intermediates</title><addtitle>Res Chem Intermed</addtitle><description>Hematite (α-Fe
2
O
3
), an n-type semiconducting material, is considered one of the most promising photoanodes for water splitting, yet exhibits unsatisfactory photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity stemming from poor conductivity and inferior charge carrier transport. Doping is an effective strategy to improve conductivity and enhance carrier transport in α-Fe
2
O
3
. However, there is a limit of the doping method, because some dopants will pin the Fermi level via defect complexes and aggregate carrier recombination, leading to positive shift of onset potential and depressed saturated photocurrent. Herein, a strategy based on shallow dopants locating at multiple energy levels is developed to surpass the restriction by introducing niobium (Nb) into the titanium-doped Fe
2
O
3
(Ti-Fe
2
O
3
) through post-treatment. The resulting Nb/Ti-Fe
2
O
3
composite film is confirmed to further increase the carrier concentration of Ti-Fe
2
O
3
and exhibit a 625% increase in saturated water-splitting photocurrent without positively shifted photocurrent onset. This study paves a new way for further advancement of the PEC water splitting.</description><subject>Carrier density</subject><subject>Carrier recombination</subject><subject>Carrier transport</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Current carriers</subject><subject>Dopants</subject><subject>Doping</subject><subject>Energy levels</subject><subject>Ferric oxide</subject><subject>Hematite</subject><subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>N-type semiconductors</subject><subject>Niobium</subject><subject>Photoanodes</subject><subject>Photoelectric effect</subject><subject>Photoelectric emission</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Water splitting</subject><issn>0922-6168</issn><issn>1568-5675</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtKAzEUhoMoWC8v4CrgOpqTmWTSpYg3KLhQ1yGTnmmnpM2YpEp9K1_EZzK1gjsXh7P5vv9wfkLOgF8A581lAgBVMy7KyJorJvbICKTSTKpG7pMRHwvBFCh9SI5SWnAOUms-Ih9Pc-t9eKfTMPSrGbWZLtc-94NHiiuMsw31-IY-0RxoG0LKNM-RDvOQA3p0OQY3x2XvrKfW5f6tzxsaOvpuM0aWBt_nvM39-mS3KB4r-itNMZ2Qg876hKe_-5i83N48X9-zyePdw_XVhDnBeWaq1YA1CtfaquO1rpzsJG9V1YIozwk3LYSumk63UiG0AstvkouxdSAbOa6Oyfkud4jhdY0pm0VYx1U5aSoAXasGOBRK7CgXQ0oROzPEfmnjxgA3247NrmNTOjY_HRtRpGonpQKvZhj_ov-xvgGecoES</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Hu, Yingfei</creator><creator>Cui, Haiyun</creator><creator>Huang, Huiting</creator><creator>Mao, Zhengguo</creator><creator>Lin, Qing</creator><creator>Guan, Hangmin</creator><creator>Wang, Yuanyuan</creator><creator>Wang, Jun</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Shallow doping at multiple energy levels to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of water-splitting α-Fe2O3 electrodes</title><author>Hu, Yingfei ; Cui, Haiyun ; Huang, Huiting ; Mao, Zhengguo ; Lin, Qing ; Guan, Hangmin ; Wang, Yuanyuan ; Wang, Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-6b81e4e2cba3f0483c5f50b63b125672cd6b8837f8b56e1b2e0155029ac157593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Carrier density</topic><topic>Carrier recombination</topic><topic>Carrier transport</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Current carriers</topic><topic>Dopants</topic><topic>Doping</topic><topic>Energy levels</topic><topic>Ferric oxide</topic><topic>Hematite</topic><topic>Inorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>N-type semiconductors</topic><topic>Niobium</topic><topic>Photoanodes</topic><topic>Photoelectric effect</topic><topic>Photoelectric emission</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Water splitting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Yingfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Haiyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Huiting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Zhengguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Hangmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuanyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Research on chemical intermediates</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Yingfei</au><au>Cui, Haiyun</au><au>Huang, Huiting</au><au>Mao, Zhengguo</au><au>Lin, Qing</au><au>Guan, Hangmin</au><au>Wang, Yuanyuan</au><au>Wang, Jun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Shallow doping at multiple energy levels to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of water-splitting α-Fe2O3 electrodes</atitle><jtitle>Research on chemical intermediates</jtitle><stitle>Res Chem Intermed</stitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>5223</spage><epage>5234</epage><pages>5223-5234</pages><issn>0922-6168</issn><eissn>1568-5675</eissn><abstract>Hematite (α-Fe
2
O
3
), an n-type semiconducting material, is considered one of the most promising photoanodes for water splitting, yet exhibits unsatisfactory photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity stemming from poor conductivity and inferior charge carrier transport. Doping is an effective strategy to improve conductivity and enhance carrier transport in α-Fe
2
O
3
. However, there is a limit of the doping method, because some dopants will pin the Fermi level via defect complexes and aggregate carrier recombination, leading to positive shift of onset potential and depressed saturated photocurrent. Herein, a strategy based on shallow dopants locating at multiple energy levels is developed to surpass the restriction by introducing niobium (Nb) into the titanium-doped Fe
2
O
3
(Ti-Fe
2
O
3
) through post-treatment. The resulting Nb/Ti-Fe
2
O
3
composite film is confirmed to further increase the carrier concentration of Ti-Fe
2
O
3
and exhibit a 625% increase in saturated water-splitting photocurrent without positively shifted photocurrent onset. This study paves a new way for further advancement of the PEC water splitting.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11164-024-05406-2</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Research on chemical intermediates, 2024-11, Vol.50 (11), p.5223-5234 |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Carrier density Carrier recombination Carrier transport Catalysis Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Current carriers Dopants Doping Energy levels Ferric oxide Hematite Inorganic Chemistry N-type semiconductors Niobium Photoanodes Photoelectric effect Photoelectric emission Physical Chemistry Titanium Water splitting |
| title | Shallow doping at multiple energy levels to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of water-splitting α-Fe2O3 electrodes |
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