Analysis of group evaporation characteristics of droplet clusters in an evaporating spray

• Published in: Journal of fluid mechanics 2024-10, Vol.998, Article A26
• Main Authors: Pandurangan, Nandhakumar, Sahu, Srikrishna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetone; Air entrainment; Air flow; Atmospheric conditions; Cluster analysis; Clustering; Droplets; Eddies; Evaporation; Evaporation rate; Image processing; Investigations; JFM Papers; Particle image velocimetry; Reynolds number; Sprays; Vaporization
• ISSN: 0022-1120; 1469-7645
• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2024.669

Droplet clustering in sprays refers to the dynamic evolution of highly concentrated regions due to the preferential accumulation of the polydisperse droplets in the turbulent airflow entrained by the spray. In the current study, we aim to experimentally investigate the collective vaporization of the droplets in droplet clusters in an air-assisted acetone spray characterized by the Group number, $G$. The magnitude of $G$ depends on the cluster length scale and interdroplet spacing, and it indicates the vaporization mode that may vary from the isolated mode ($G \ll 1$) to external group mode ($G \gg 1$). The droplet measurements were obtained under atmospheric conditions at different axial and radial locations within the spray. Application of the Voronoi analysis to particle image velocimetry images of the spray droplets facilitated the identification and characterization of the droplet clusters, which allowed the measurement of $G$ for each cluster. The results highlighted that multiscale clustering of the evaporating droplets leads to multimode group evaporation of the clusters (characterized by a wide range of $G$: 0.001–10). The trend of interdroplet spacing versus cluster area allowed the classification of the droplet clusters into small-scale clusters (which are of the order of the Kolmogorov length scale) and large-scale clusters (that scale with the large-scale turbulent eddies), that are found to exhibit distinct group evaporation behaviour. A theoretical model is invoked to correlate $G$ with the droplet evaporation rate for individual clusters, and some interesting observations are identified, which are explained in the paper.