The EEFIT Remote Sensing Reconnaissance Mission for the February 2023 Turkey Earthquakes

• Published in: IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing 2024, Vol.17, p.19160-19173
• Main Authors: Voelker, Brandon, Milillo, Pietro, Tavakkoliestahbanati, Amin, Macchiarulo, Valentina, Giardina, Giorgia, Recla, Michael, Schmitt, Michael, Cescon, Marzia, Aktas, Yasemin D., So, Emily
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accuracy; Buildings; Damage; Damage assessment; Damage detection; Data acquisition; Data reduction; earthquake; Earthquake damage; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Field investigations; Latency; Measurement methods; Onsite; Optical imaging; Radar imaging; Reconnaissance; Remote monitoring; Remote sensing; SAR (radar); Satellites; Seismic activity; Seismic engineering; Seismic response; Structural damage; Surveys; Synthetic aperture radar; Turkey; Urban areas
• ISSN: 1939-1404; 2151-1535
• DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3476029

Accurate and rapid postearthquake structural damage assessment is of vital importance for humanitarian relief. Remote sensing techniques have the potential to map large areas with reduced data latency but are limited by several factors, including accuracy (compared to in-situ monitoring campaigns) and data acquisition frequency. Current damage assessment techniques relying on remote sensing data enable rapid assessment in situations where on-site reconnaissance is not possible or desirable. Yet, these techniques rely on different scales, measurement methods, and spatial resolutions, making it difficult to assimilate many different damage products in a homogeneous damage map. Here, we present the results of the U.K.'s Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team's remote-sensing-based reconnaissance mission, which was carried out in the aftermath of the series of earthquakes that struck Turkey and Syria in February 2023. We use a set of publicly available damage maps based on synthetic aperture radar, optical imaging, and ground-based reports as well as in-house developed damage products and assess their relative accuracies. We describe the process of supporting on-site reconnaissance planning by creating maps that describe the building stock and diversity of damage in southeast Turkey to assist field survey teams in selecting regions that represent a diverse sample of building typologies and damage levels. Our results show that satellite-based remote sensing damage maps disagree with each other, and extensive validation data are still required to characterize the accuracy of each method at both high and medium resolution. Finally, we provide recommendations for planning and validation of future earthquake response efforts.