Modeling with generalized flux theory for computational investigation of thermal enhancement in fluid with tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanoparticles

• Published in: Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 2024-11, Vol.104 (11), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Madkhali, Hadi Ali, Nawaz, M., Haneef, Maryam, Alharbi, Sayer Obaid, Salmi, Abdelatif, Al‐Zubaidi, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Boundary layers; Conservation laws; Controllability; Deborah number; Finite element method; Heat transmission; Industrial applications; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical models; Maxwell fluids; Momentum; Nanofluids; Nanoparticles; Relaxation time; Thermophysical models; Thermophysical properties; Titanium dioxide; Wall shear stresses
• ISSN: 0044-2267; 1521-4001
• DOI: 10.1002/zamm.202300494

To study the influence of several factors (tri‐nanoparticles and relaxation time related to momentum, thermal, and concentration) on non‐Fourier transport of heat and mass, mathematical models are developed. The cases of tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanofluids are considered. Flow and transport scenarios are translated into mathematical equations for which conservation laws and correlations for thermophysical properties are used. Boundary layer simplifications are used to approximate these mathematical models. The nondimensional set of problems is numerically solved using the finite element method (FEM). The solutions that are convergent and mesh‐free are obtained. The outcomes are compared to existing benchmarks. There is excellent consistency between the current and published results. The viscoelastic behaviors related to momentum, thermal, and solutal relaxation times are examined. It is also investigated how tri‐nanoparticles improve heat transmission in flow. The wall shear stresses for the mono‐, di‐, and tri‐nanofluids are calculated against momentum relaxation time. It is observed that tri‐nanofluid exerts the highest stress on the surfaces over which it flows. Therefore, while using these fluids, the surface should be ensured to bear the stresses; otherwise, failure of the system may take place. Thus, industrial applications and additional capability of surface be ensured. This looks at influence the Deborah number on the fluid motion. Deborah number is straightforwardly connected with relaxation time and it is found that higher is Deborah number lower will be the speed of fluid. As a consequence, viscous region will be narrow down. Thus, viscous dominant region is controllable by the using fluid of higher relaxation time. A significant enhancement in the thermal performance of Maxwell fluid occurs via the dispersion of tri‐nanoparticles (GO,TiO2,Ag${GO,TiO}_{2}{,Ag}$).