Thermodynamic Modeling of Ilmenite Smelting and Impurity Distribution

Pigment production utilizes TiO 2 -rich slags produced by the ilmenite smelting process which is sensitive to impurity levels in the titania slag. Thermodynamic analyses of ilmenite smelting were conducted to outline a path for process improvement. Specifically, the distribution of Ti and Fe, as wel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JOM (1989) 2024-11, Vol.76 (11), p.6511-6533
Main Authors: Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira, Ahmadi Siahboumi, Abbas, Kwon, Sun Yong, Jones, Rodney, Mostaghel, Sina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum oxide
Calcium
Chemical composition
Chemistry/Food Science
Chloride
Earth Sciences
Engineering
Environment
Ilmenite
Impurities
Investigations
Iron
Literature reviews
Magnesium
Metallurgy
Oxygen
Partial pressure
Physics
Pigments
Process variables
Raw materials
Silicon dioxide
Slag
Smelting
Thermodynamic and Process Modeling Tools for Material Production Processes
Thermodynamic models
Thermodynamics
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
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Summary:Pigment production utilizes TiO 2 -rich slags produced by the ilmenite smelting process which is sensitive to impurity levels in the titania slag. Thermodynamic analyses of ilmenite smelting were conducted to outline a path for process improvement. Specifically, the distribution of Ti and Fe, as well as a wide range of impurities, including V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ca, Mg, P, and S, between the titania slag and molten iron were investigated. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to adequately ascertain the chemical compositions of ilmenite concentrates, which are among the most critical operational parameters in ilmenite smelting. Additionally, the quality requirements regarding impurity contents in the raw materials for TiO 2 pigment production were reviewed. The partition coefficients of elements between slag and metal determined as a function of process variables (i.e., oxygen partial pressure, temperature, and MgO/(Al 2 O 3  + SiO 2 ) ratio) has been presented. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of the oxygen potentials during the ilmenite smelting process and the analysis of slag viscosity in corresponding process conditions have been shown. The analysis results are compared to the experimental data reported in the literature.
ISSN:1047-4838
1543-1851
DOI:10.1007/s11837-024-06844-4