Cleome rutidosperma leaf extract mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and anti-candidal, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, and molecular docking analysis

• Published in: Biomass conversion and biorefinery 2024, Vol.14 (22), p.28971-28983
• Main Authors: Ganesh Kumar A, Pugazhenthi E, Sankarganesh P, Muthusamy C, Rajasekaran M, Lokesh E, Khusro, Ameer, Kavya G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biofilms; Biosynthesis; Biotechnology; Chemical synthesis; Effectiveness; Energy; Energy value; Flavonoids; Fourier transforms; Functional groups; Infrared spectroscopy; Molecular docking; Nanoparticles; Original Article; Renewable and Green Energy; Silver; Silver oxides; Stretching; Surface plasmon resonance; Terpenes
• ISSN: 2190-6815; 2190-6823
• DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-03806-9

Biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate and are a source of many recalcitrant infections. There is effective biofilm management with silver nanoparticles. However, silver nanoparticles that are chemically mediated are extremely harmful to ecosystems. The current study synthesized AgNPs using Cleome rutidosperma leaf extract (CrLE) and analyzed it in UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD spectroscopy, and TEM for the physical formation and tested with Candida albicans , A431 (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells for its biological efficacy and molecular docking also done. The CrLF has significant phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. The CrLE-AgNPs produced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 450 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum and the FT-IR functional groups had -O-H, -N-H stretching at 3423.83 cm-1 due to hydroxyl and amino groups; C=C and C=O stretching at 1632.53 cm -1 due to flavonoid; and C-H deformation at 1110.42 cm -1 due to AgO formation. The XRD peaks revealed the particle size as 14.07 nm. The TEM and SAED studies confirmed the development of spherical shaped AgNPs with agglomeration. During biological characterization, the synthesized AgNPs produced an inhibitory zone against Candida albicans and its biofilm between 30 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL concentrations and produced cytotoxicity against A431 (epidermoid carcinoma) cells ( in vitro ) at an IC 50 value of 36.56 µg/ml. A molecular docking study revealed that a well-conserved binding region is present and predicted the best binding energy value between Als3 adhesin (PDB ID: 4LE8) and silver oxide nanoparticle is -9.60 kcal/mol. The results of this study show that AgNPs made from the leaf extract of Cleome rutidosperma could be used to treat infections caused by anti-candida.