The Type I superluminous supernova catalogue I: light-curve properties, models, and catalogue description

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2024-11, Vol.535 (1), p.471-515
• Main Authors: Gomez, Sebastian, Nicholl, Matt, Berger, Edo, Blanchard, Peter K, Villar, V Ashley, Rest, Sofia, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Aamer, Aysha, Ajay, Yukta, Athukoralalage, Wasundara, Coulter, David C, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Fiore, Achille, Franz, Noah, Fox, Ori, Gagliano, Alexander, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Howell, D Andrew, Hsu, Brian, Karmen, Mitchell, Siebert, Matthew R, Könyves-Tóth, Réka, Kumar, Harsh, McCully, Curtis, Pellegrino, Craig, Pierel, Justin, Rest, Armin, Wang, Qinan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bolometers; Ejecta; Infrared photometry; Light curve; Magnetars; Mass distribution; Parameters; Photometry; Photosphere; Radioactive decay; Red shift; Supernovae
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae2270

ABSTRACT We present the most comprehensive catalogue to date of Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), a class of stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) characterized by exceptionally high luminosities. We have compiled a sample of 262 SLSNe reported through 2022 December 31. We verified the spectroscopic classification of each SLSN and collated an exhaustive data set of ultraviolet, optical, and infrared photometry totalling over 30 000 photometric detections. Using these data, we derive observational parameters such as the peak absolute magnitudes, rise and decline time-scales, as well as bolometric luminosities, temperature, and photospheric radius evolution for all SLSNe. Additionally, we model all light curves using a hybrid model that includes contributions from both a magnetar central engine and the radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni. We explore correlations among various physical and observational parameters, and recover the previously found relation between ejecta mass and magnetar spin, as well as the overall progenitor pre-explosion mass distribution with a peak at $\approx 6.5$ M$_\odot$. We find no significant redshift dependence for any parameter, and no evidence for distinct subtypes of SLSNe. We find that only a small fraction of SLSNe, $\lt 3$ per cent, are best fit with a significant radioactive decay component $\gtrsim 50$ per cent. We provide several analytical tools designed to simulate typical SLSN light curves across a broad range of wavelengths and phases, enabling accurate K-corrections, bolometric scaling calculations, and inclusion of SLSNe in survey simulations or future comparison works.