Anti-parasitic efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles on Argulus siamensis: An ectoparasite of fish and their effect on the expression of ion channel genes

Argulosis, a serious fish disease caused by the crustacean ectoparasite Argulus , results in considerable losses to the global aquaculture industry. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-parasitic efficacy (AE%) of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of Azadiracht...

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Published in:Aquaculture international 2025-02, Vol.33 (1), p.83, Article 83
Main Authors: Kumari, Pushpa, Kumar, Saurav, Brahmchari, Rajive Kumar, Singh, Angom Baleshwor, Rajendran, Kooloth Valappil, Shukla, Satya Prakash, Sharma, Rupam, Raman, Ram Prakash
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin
Aquaculture
Aquatic crustaceans
Argulus
Argulus siamensis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Crustaceans
Ectoparasites
Fish
Fish diseases
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Gene expression
Genes
Infrared spectroscopy
Life Sciences
Nanoparticles
Parasites
Plant extracts
Signal transduction
Silver
Spectrum analysis
Zeta potential
Zoology
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Summary:Argulosis, a serious fish disease caused by the crustacean ectoparasite Argulus , results in considerable losses to the global aquaculture industry. This study evaluated the in vitro anti-parasitic efficacy (AE%) of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) against the adult and copepodid stages of Argulus siamensis . The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, which revealed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm, with a zeta potential value of − 28.5 mV. TEM analysis verified that the nanoparticles were ranging from 5 to 50 nm in size, spherical in shape, and capped by various phytochemicals identified through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Treatment with AgNPs showed an AE of 100% against copepodids at 25 ppm and adult Argulus at 50 ppm, with an estimated 6-h EC 50 of 9.66 and 16.03 ppm, respectively. No mortality was found in the control, leaf extract, and AgNO 3 -treated groups of parasites. Additionally, gene expression studies using β-actin as a reference gene revealed significantly upregulated levels of all tested genes, with the highest fold change in the GABA gene across all treatment groups. The increased AE of AgNPs may be due to altered signal transduction, as evidenced by the significantly increased expression of ion channel genes compared to control and neem leaf extract-treated groups. The findings of this study indicate the potential for developing a promising nanodrug for the safe and effective control of argulosis in aquaculture systems. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:0967-6120
1573-143X
DOI:10.1007/s10499-024-01675-1