Economic evaluation of a psychological surveillance and support programme in the UK police force

• Published in: International journal of emergency services 2024-11, Vol.13 (3), p.259-270
• Main Authors: McCrone, Paul, Tehrani, Noreen, Tehrani, Romin, Horsley, Alex, Hesketh, Ian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; Cost effectiveness; Costs; Decision trees; Economics; Evaluation; Health problems; Health services; Interviews; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Occupational health; Occupational health care services; Parameter robustness; Parameter sensitivity; Personnel; Police; Post traumatic stress disorder; Productivity; Psychological assessment; Quality of life; Return on investment; Sensitivity analysis; Surveillance; Workability; Working conditions
• ISSN: 2047-0894; 2047-0908
• DOI: 10.1108/IJES-03-2024-0020

PurposePolice officers in the UK frequently experience traumatic events and work pressures, and these can have a detrimental impact on mental health. A psychological surveillance programme has been implemented and clinically evaluated. This paper reports an economic evaluation of the programme.Design/methodology/approachA decision analytic model was developed to explore programme costs, outcomes and return on investment for a notional cohort of 1,000 police personnel (officers and staff). The model parameters were obtained from a large data set of sequential psychological surveillance results. Changes in individual work productivity were derived from a workability measure included in the survey.FindingsThe modelled expected total cost incurred to screen 1,000 participants was £84,287 ($106,971). The expected net increase in work productivity for those receiving interventions was valued at £241,672 ($306,713). This result represents a return on investment of 187%. Sensitivity analyses showed that the model was robust to changes in key parameters.Research limitations/implicationsPolice personnel experiencing traumatic events may need specialist support from occupational health services or psychological therapy. Screening or surveillance can detect mental health problems, but its cost-effectiveness has been previously unknown.Practical implicationsThe value for money of providing surveillance within the police force to detect mental health problems is assessed in this research. The gains in terms of increased work are evident. In similar environmental working conditions, this could extend to emergency services globally.Social implicationsThe police are often called upon to deal with the lowest points in people’s lives. The findings have implications for police forces wishing to support officers to be able to provide the best of themselves in these situations.Originality/valueThere have been no previous studies in policing that have concluded that running a psychological surveillance programme in policing is financially viable. Although this requires initial investment, this paper models that the extra costs incurred are more than offset by improved work productivity.