Find the haystacks, then look for needles: the rate of strongly lensed supernovae in galaxy–galaxy strong gravitational lenses

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2024-12, Vol.535 (3), p.2523-2537
• Main Authors: Sainz de Murieta, Ana, Collett, Thomas E, Magee, Mark R, Pierel, Justin D R, Enzi, Wolfgang J R, Lokken, Martine, Gagliano, Alex, Ryczanowski, Dan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Galaxies; Gravitational lenses; Hubble constant; Red shift; Supernovae
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae2486

ABSTRACT The time-delay between appearances of multiple images of a gravitationally lensed supernova (glSN) is sensitive to the Hubble constant, $H_0$. As well as time-delays, a lensed host galaxy is needed to enable precise inference of $H_0$. In this work, we investigate the connection between discoverable lensed transients and their host galaxies. We find that the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will discover at least 90 glSNe per year, of which 54 per cent will also have a strongly lensed host. The rates are uncertain by approximately 30 per cent depending primarily on the choice of the unlensed SN population and uncertainties in the redshift evolution of the deflector population, but the fraction of glSNe with a lensed host is consistently around a half. LSST will discover around 20 glSNe per year in systems that could plausibly have been identified by Euclid as galaxy–galaxy lenses before the discovery of the glSN. Such systems have preferentially longer time-delays and therefore are well suited for cosmography. We define a golden sample of glSNe Ia with time-delays over 10 d, image separations greater than 0.8 arcsec, and a multiply imaged host. For this golden sample, we find 91 per cent occur in systems that should already be discoverable as galaxy–galaxy lenses in Euclid. For cosmology with glSNe, monitoring Euclid lenses is a plausible alternative to searching the entire LSST alert stream.