Exploring citric acid cross-linking: achieving optimal properties in cellulose–gelatin films for antimicrobial biopolymer applications

This study investigates the cross-linking mechanism’s ability to modify and enhance material properties, particularly in biopolymer applications. Although cross-linking offers numerous advantages, precise control over the cross-linking level is essential for achieving optimal properties and reducing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2024-12, Vol.59 (48), p.22327-22343
Main Authors: Amelia, Sekar Tri Wulan, Adiningsih, Shafira Nur, Nurtono, Tantular, Setyawan, Heru, Ogi, Takashi, Septiani, Eka Lutfi, Widiyastuti, W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Aqueous environments
Biopolymers
Cellulose
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Citric acid
Classical Mechanics
Crosslinking
Crystallography and Scattering Methods
E coli
Gelatin
Material properties
Materials Science
Polymer Sciences
Polymers & Biopolymers
Solid Mechanics
Swelling ratio
Tensile strength
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Summary:This study investigates the cross-linking mechanism’s ability to modify and enhance material properties, particularly in biopolymer applications. Although cross-linking offers numerous advantages, precise control over the cross-linking level is essential for achieving optimal properties and reducing undesirable effects. We explored the multifunctional effects of citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent in cellulose–gelatin films, assessing its impact at various concentrations. Our findings reveal that excessive cross-linking does not always improve film properties. Notably, cellulose–gelatin films containing 10% (wt) CA exhibited a smooth surface and favorable characteristics, achieving a percent elongation of 77.44%, tensile strength of 0.09 MPa, and Young modulus of 1.21. The films also exhibit a high swelling ratio, indicating their excellent swelling ability in aqueous environments. Furthermore, in vitro evaluations indicated that CA significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . These results demonstrate the potential of CA cross-linked cellulose–gelatin films in medical and healthcare applications, particularly as wound dressings that deliver durable antimicrobial efficacy. Graphical abstract
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-024-10481-2