Niosome: A Stable Antioxidant Drug Delivery System and Improvement Effect on Neurological Defects in Animal Model of Stroke

• Published in: BioNanoScience 2025, Vol.15 (1)
• Main Authors: Sadeghian, Zahra, Bigdeli, Mohammad Reza, Mortazavi Moghadam, Fatemeh, Jahanfar, Mehdi, Samavat, Samaneh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amygdala; Animal models; Antioxidants; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomaterials; Biophysics; Blood levels; Blood-brain barrier; Brain; Brain architecture; Brain damage; Brain injury; Circuits and Systems; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Edema; Engineering; Essential oils; Free radicals; Ischemia; Lipids; miRNA; Nanotechnology; Neostriatum; Oils & fats; Oxidation resistance; Oxidative stress; Piriform cortex; Plant cells; Reactive oxygen species; Satureja rechingeri; Stroke; Stroke volume; Subgroups; Superoxide dismutase
• ISSN: 2191-1630; 2191-1649
• DOI: 10.1007/s12668-024-01755-9

According to World Health Organization statistics, millions of people suffer an ischemic stroke each year, and oxidative stress as the main factor that leads to damage to the brain cells. In this study, a niosome with antioxidant content of Satureja rechingeri plant was applied to different brain regions, such as the cortex, piriform amygdala, and striatum, to achieve better recovery. In this study, 100 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 25) and subjected to MCAO model: sham group, the control group, and the first and second treatment groups. That treated with 15 µl of drugs by subcutaneous injection. Those groups were divided into 5 subgroups ( n = 5) and analyzed according to stroke volume, edema, permeability of the brain-blood barrier, concentration of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, and relative expression and concentration of microRNA 327. The data showed that both groups of essential oil Satureja rechingeri and niosome loaded with it caused a significant reduction in stroke volume, brain edema, reduction in the Evans blue concentration ( P ≤ 0.05), and the relative expression of miR-327 reported to downregulated. Thus, the essential oil Satureja rechingeri has a high antioxidant capacity against reactive oxygen species; when loaded in the niosome as lipid transfer can prevent the destruction of this substance against oxidation and have a protective effect on nerve cells and epithelial capillary, we performed effective drug treatment with drug delivery study can focus on the aspect the development of a decreased free radical, so niosome is the option for stable, targeted and controlled drug delivery of antioxidants and balance redox cellular, that leads to an increase in the resistance of the blood-brain barrier which has a protective effect against ischemic stroke. This novel approach enhances the stability and targeted delivery of potent bioderived antioxidants, providing an innovative solution for reducing oxidative stress and protecting neural tissues. Graphical Abstract