Implementation of universal logic gates using 2:1 photonic multiplexer (MUX) of electro-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer

• Published in: Journal of optics (New Delhi) 2024, Vol.53 (5), p.4059-4079
• Main Authors: Das, Sourabh Kumar, Pahari, Nirmalya
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amplitude modulation; Beams (radiation); Circuit diagrams; Communications systems; Design optimization; Gates; Industrial applications; Insertion loss; Lasers; Logic circuits; Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Multiplexers; Multiplexing; Optical Devices; Optics; Photonics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Research Article; Titanium; Titanium diffused lithium niobate
• ISSN: 0972-8821; 0974-6900
• DOI: 10.1007/s12596-023-01642-8

This paper introduces an innovative methodology for constructing NAND and NOR logic gates utilizing a 2:1 Multiplexer (MUX) based on a titanium-diffused lithium niobate electro-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer. To optimize design efficiency and minimize the number of photonic MUX, Shannon Decomposition and Reduced Binary Decision Diagram mapping are employed for creating photonic MUX-based combinational and logic circuits. Comprehensive simulation and verification using OPTIBPM, a beam propagation method, confirm the validity of the proposed design. The 2:1 MUX-based NAND and NOR logic gates demonstrate a rapid response time of 1.56 ps, positioning them as advantageous solutions for communication systems, transmission networks, and industrial applications. Essential device parameters including extinction ratio, contrast ratio, amplitude modulation, insertion loss, and eye-opening coefficients of NAND and NOR gates, fall within acceptable limits, and electro-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometers using lithium niobate prove suitable for terahertz data speed applications. Simulation results robustly validate the proposed logic gates, contributing to the advancement of high-speed optical networking and signal processing systems based on photonic MUX configurations.