Fifth‐generation fractal antenna design based on the Koch Snowflake geometry. A fractal theory application

The projection of fifth‐generation (5G) fractal antennas and their advantageous geometry are examined. The fact that fractal‐shaped antennas based on Koch Snowflake geometry are suitable for higher frequencies was shown above all. By the instrumentality of this technology, which aims to serve a larg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Expert systems 2025-01, Vol.42 (1), p.n/a
Main Authors: Paun, Maria‐Alexandra, Nichita, Mihai‐Virgil, Paun, Vladimir‐Alexandru, Paun, Viorel‐Puiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antenna design
Antennas
Directivity
fifth generation (5G)
fractal antenna
fractal dimension
Fractal geometry
fractal theory
Koch Snowflake geometry
Snowflakes
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Summary:The projection of fifth‐generation (5G) fractal antennas and their advantageous geometry are examined. The fact that fractal‐shaped antennas based on Koch Snowflake geometry are suitable for higher frequencies was shown above all. By the instrumentality of this technology, which aims to serve a large number of subscribers by implementing revolutionary devices (e.g. Massive MIMO, beam‐forming, high‐performance processors, etc.), it is possible to obtain multiple facilities. Fractal geometrics forms have been made using fractalKoch function from MATLAB R2018b, having as initial characteristic the series of successful repetitions. 2D and 3D characteristics of directivity at the values of 455, 465, 755.5 and 789.5 MHz (designed antennas), for two, three respectively four iterations of Koch's Snowflake fractals have been highlighted. We mention that all the software and programs developed for the fractal antennas design obtained in this paper are new and genuine.
ISSN:0266-4720
1468-0394
DOI:10.1111/exsy.13242