Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Microbial Communities: The Impact of Anthropogenic Pollution

—Issues related to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental microbial communities are considered. “Hotspots” of adaptive evolution, accumulation, and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genetic material of antibiotic resistance are highlighted. Such “hotspots” include anthr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biology (New York) 2024-12, Vol.58 (6), p.1049-1062
Main Authors: Sazykin, I. S., Sazykina, M. A., Litsevich, A. R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural wastes
Anthropogenic factors
Antibiotic resistance
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Biodiversity hot spots
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Evolutionary genetics
Horizontal distribution
Horizontal transfer
Human Genetics
Landfills
Life Sciences
Livestock
Microbiomes
Municipal wastewater
Mutagenesis
Oxidative stress
Population genetics
Reviews
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:—Issues related to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental microbial communities are considered. “Hotspots” of adaptive evolution, accumulation, and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genetic material of antibiotic resistance are highlighted. Such “hotspots” include anthropogenic ecosystems, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, municipal solid waste landfills, livestock enterprises, and agrocenoses. The influence of various types of pollutants and biotic factors on enhancement of mutagenesis and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is considered. The role of mobile genetic elements in mobilization and accelerated spread of resistance determinants is shown. Special attention is paid to the role of oxidative stress and stress regulons, which are activated for realization and control of molecular genetic mechanisms of adaptive evolution of bacteria and the horizontal distribution of genetic material in bacterial populations. Oxidative stress is identified as one of the main activators of genome destabilization and adaptive evolution of bacteria.
ISSN:0026-8933
1608-3245
DOI:10.1134/S0026893324700559