Anticancer Activity of Plant Tocotrienols, Fucoxanthin, Fucoidan, and Polyphenols in Dietary Supplements

Background: Plants and algae harbor diverse molecules with antioxidant activity and have been demonstrated to directly inhibit cancer cell growth and mitigate the oxidative damage associated with certain antitumor therapies. While antioxidant supplementation, either alone or in combination with chem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2024-01, Vol.16 (24), p.4274
Main Authors: Lara-Hernández, Gabriel, Ramos-Silva, José Alberto, Pérez-Soto, Elvia, Figueroa, Mario, Flores-Berrios, Ericka Patricia, Sánchez-Chapul, Laura, Andrade-Cabrera, José Luis, Luna-Angulo, Alexandra, Landa-Solís, Carlos, Avilés-Arnaut, Hamlet
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Breast cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Colorectal cancer
Cytotoxicity
Dietary supplements
Gas flow
Metastasis
Morphology
Mortality
Polyphenols
Prostate cancer
Side effects
Tumors
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Summary:Background: Plants and algae harbor diverse molecules with antioxidant activity and have been demonstrated to directly inhibit cancer cell growth and mitigate the oxidative damage associated with certain antitumor therapies. While antioxidant supplementation, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has shown promise in improving quality of life, further research is needed to explore the effects of antioxidant combinations on specific cancer cell lines. Methods: In this study, the in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of natural compounds derived from plants and algae, as well as certain dietary supplements, were investigated against various human cancer cell lines, including bone, leukemia, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. Results: Apple polyphenols, fucoxanthin, and plant-derived tocotrienols exhibited cytotoxic effects across all lines; however, tocotrienols demonstrated the most potent, time-dependent cytotoxic activity, with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.3 μg/mL in bone cancer cells. Analysis of dietary supplements 2.1, 4.0, and 10.0 revealed that supplement 10.0 exhibited specific cytotoxic activity against bone cancer line TIB-223 and colorectal cancer cell line Caco2, with IC50 values of 126 μg/mL and 158 μg/mL, respectively. Both tocotrienols and supplement 10.0 induced morphological changes in TIB-223 cells, inhibited cell migration (anti-metastatic activity), and promoted apoptosis, as evidenced by caspase 3/7 activation in both bone and colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted dietary supplements to enhance the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapy in specific cancer types.
ISSN:2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu16244274