Study on thyroid autoimmunity of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid mucositis

Context: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid mucositis (OLM) are immune-mediated mucosal conditions with multifactorial etiology, with similar clinical and histological characteristics. Diagnosis should be confirmed considering both clinical and histological aspects. Some subsets are associa...

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Published in:Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP 2024-10, Vol.28 (4), p.549-554
Main Authors: Lavanya, C, Ranganathan, K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Autoantibodies
Autoimmunity
B cells
Chemiluminescence
Development and progression
Iodide peroxidase
Lichen planus
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mucosal immunity
Mucositis
Population studies
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid
Thyroid diseases
Thyroid gland
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Summary:Context: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid mucositis (OLM) are immune-mediated mucosal conditions with multifactorial etiology, with similar clinical and histological characteristics. Diagnosis should be confirmed considering both clinical and histological aspects. Some subsets are associated with immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction due to anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGA). Aims: To ascertain the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in a cohort of patients with OLP and OLM from a South Indian population. Methods and Materials: This observational study comprised 21 patients with 7 cases of OLP (Group I) and 14 cases of OLM (Group II) who reported from 2021-2023 for 2 years. Serum anti-thyroid antibodies including TPO and TGA was estimated using chemiluminescence immunoassay technique along with clinical and histological aspects. Altered levels of serological parameters were compared with respect to these auto-immune conditions. Results: Increased level of thyroid autoantibodies was observed in three (42) of the seven cases of OLP. Two cases had elevated TPO (3-4 folds) and TGA (6-38 folds) and the subjects were above 50 years. Seven (50) of the 14 OLM cases exhibited increased thyroid autoantibody levels and were above 50 years, predominantly females. TPO levels were increased in the range of 12 to 178 and TGA from 2 to 136 folds. Duration of these lesions were more than a year. Conclusions: Increased thyroid autoantibodies observed in both OLP and OLM represent an underlying autoimmune response. Long-term monitoring will enable the clinicians to correlate the antibody levels with the management of these lesions. Keywords: Oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid mucositis, TGA, thyroid autoantibodies-TPO
ISSN:0973-029X
1998-393X
DOI:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_85_24