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Squid discards as a source of phospholipid- and tocopherol-concentrates by employment of non-halogenated solvents
This study focused on the preparation of phospholipid- and tocopherol-enriched concentrates from Patagonian squid ( Doryteuthis gahi ) discards. For it, non-halogenated solvents (hexane, HX; isopropanol, IP; ethanol, ET) were combined in one-step and two-step extracting systems and applied to this m...
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Published in: | European food research & technology 2025-02, Vol.251 (2), p.247-256 |
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creator | Aubourg, Santiago P. Trigo, Marcos González, Mª Jesús Lois, Salomé Medina, Isabel |
description | This study focused on the preparation of phospholipid- and tocopherol-enriched concentrates from Patagonian squid (
Doryteuthis gahi
) discards. For it, non-halogenated solvents (hexane, HX; isopropanol, IP; ethanol, ET) were combined in one-step and two-step extracting systems and applied to this marine substrate. Total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and tocopherol values were determined and compared to those obtained by the conventional (chloroform/methanol) procedure. For one- and two-step strategies tested, non-halogenated solvents led to total lipid yields of ca. 65–79% compared to the conventional procedure; the two highest yields (
p
|
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00217-024-04634-5 |
format | article |
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Doryteuthis gahi
) discards. For it, non-halogenated solvents (hexane, HX; isopropanol, IP; ethanol, ET) were combined in one-step and two-step extracting systems and applied to this marine substrate. Total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and tocopherol values were determined and compared to those obtained by the conventional (chloroform/methanol) procedure. For one- and two-step strategies tested, non-halogenated solvents led to total lipid yields of ca. 65–79% compared to the conventional procedure; the two highest yields (
p
< 0.05) were obtained by the use of one-step HX/ET (2:1) and two-step HX/ET extractions. Regarding PL compounds, non-halogenated strategies led to a ca. 66–88% recovery compared to the conventional procedure. Notably, alcohol-containing solvent mixtures provided lipid fractions including higher average PL concentrations than the conventional procedure; thus, two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to significantly higher (
p
< 0.05) concentration values. In all lipid extracts, α-, γ- and δ-tocopherol compounds were detected, the first one being the most abundant. Two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to higher yields of α- and γ-tocopherol when compared to the conventional procedure. Remarkably, HX-containing mixtures provided lipid extracts including higher (
p
< 0.05) concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol than the conventional procedure; concentration values were especially high if employing HX alone. Extractability differences are discussed and explained on the basis of the polar and non-polar characteristics of the solvents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1438-2377</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1438-2385</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00217-024-04634-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analytical Chemistry ; Biotechnology ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chloroform ; Ethanol ; Extraction processes ; Food Science ; Forestry ; Hexanes ; Lipids ; Mixtures ; Original Paper ; Phospholipids ; Solvents ; Squid ; Tocopherol</subject><ispartof>European food research & technology, 2025-02, Vol.251 (2), p.247-256</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024 Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Feb 2025</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-3ae7aa17f0d0e247fbf9bfdf106097f3f6626be34a5f422a69cc8f495fc6a8a63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3136-8137</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aubourg, Santiago P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trigo, Marcos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, Mª Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lois, Salomé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medina, Isabel</creatorcontrib><title>Squid discards as a source of phospholipid- and tocopherol-concentrates by employment of non-halogenated solvents</title><title>European food research & technology</title><addtitle>Eur Food Res Technol</addtitle><description>This study focused on the preparation of phospholipid- and tocopherol-enriched concentrates from Patagonian squid (
Doryteuthis gahi
) discards. For it, non-halogenated solvents (hexane, HX; isopropanol, IP; ethanol, ET) were combined in one-step and two-step extracting systems and applied to this marine substrate. Total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and tocopherol values were determined and compared to those obtained by the conventional (chloroform/methanol) procedure. For one- and two-step strategies tested, non-halogenated solvents led to total lipid yields of ca. 65–79% compared to the conventional procedure; the two highest yields (
p
< 0.05) were obtained by the use of one-step HX/ET (2:1) and two-step HX/ET extractions. Regarding PL compounds, non-halogenated strategies led to a ca. 66–88% recovery compared to the conventional procedure. Notably, alcohol-containing solvent mixtures provided lipid fractions including higher average PL concentrations than the conventional procedure; thus, two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to significantly higher (
p
< 0.05) concentration values. In all lipid extracts, α-, γ- and δ-tocopherol compounds were detected, the first one being the most abundant. Two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to higher yields of α- and γ-tocopherol when compared to the conventional procedure. Remarkably, HX-containing mixtures provided lipid extracts including higher (
p
< 0.05) concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol than the conventional procedure; concentration values were especially high if employing HX alone. Extractability differences are discussed and explained on the basis of the polar and non-polar characteristics of the solvents.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chloroform</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Extraction processes</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Hexanes</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Phospholipids</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Squid</subject><subject>Tocopherol</subject><issn>1438-2377</issn><issn>1438-2385</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UE1LAzEQXUTBWv0DngKeo5OPTXaPUvyCggf1HLL5aLdsN9tkK_Tfm7qiN2GGGWbee8O8orgmcEsA5F0CoERioBwDF4zj8qSYEc4qTFlVnv72Up4XFyltAMpaED4rdm-7fWuRbZPR0Sakc6AU9tE4FDwa1iHl7NqhtRjp3qIxmDCsXQwdNqE3rh-jHl1CzQG57dCFwzaPjtQ-9Hitu7ByfQbYLNp95lW6LM687pK7-qnz4uPx4X3xjJevTy-L-yU2FGDETDupNZEeLDjKpW983XjrCQiopWdeCCoax7guPadUi9qYyvO69EboSgs2L24m3SGG3d6lUW3yW30-qRgRFCgtCWQUnVAmhpSi82qI7VbHgyKgjtaqyVqVrVXf1qoyk9hEShncr1z8k_6H9QWNqX6V</recordid><startdate>20250201</startdate><enddate>20250201</enddate><creator>Aubourg, Santiago P.</creator><creator>Trigo, Marcos</creator><creator>González, Mª Jesús</creator><creator>Lois, Salomé</creator><creator>Medina, Isabel</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-8137</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250201</creationdate><title>Squid discards as a source of phospholipid- and tocopherol-concentrates by employment of non-halogenated solvents</title><author>Aubourg, Santiago P. ; Trigo, Marcos ; González, Mª Jesús ; Lois, Salomé ; Medina, Isabel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-3ae7aa17f0d0e247fbf9bfdf106097f3f6626be34a5f422a69cc8f495fc6a8a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Analytical Chemistry</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Chloroform</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Extraction processes</topic><topic>Food Science</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Hexanes</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Mixtures</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Phospholipids</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>Squid</topic><topic>Tocopherol</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aubourg, Santiago P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trigo, Marcos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, Mª Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lois, Salomé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medina, Isabel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>European food research & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aubourg, Santiago P.</au><au>Trigo, Marcos</au><au>González, Mª Jesús</au><au>Lois, Salomé</au><au>Medina, Isabel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Squid discards as a source of phospholipid- and tocopherol-concentrates by employment of non-halogenated solvents</atitle><jtitle>European food research & technology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Food Res Technol</stitle><date>2025-02-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>251</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>247</spage><epage>256</epage><pages>247-256</pages><issn>1438-2377</issn><eissn>1438-2385</eissn><abstract>This study focused on the preparation of phospholipid- and tocopherol-enriched concentrates from Patagonian squid (
Doryteuthis gahi
) discards. For it, non-halogenated solvents (hexane, HX; isopropanol, IP; ethanol, ET) were combined in one-step and two-step extracting systems and applied to this marine substrate. Total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and tocopherol values were determined and compared to those obtained by the conventional (chloroform/methanol) procedure. For one- and two-step strategies tested, non-halogenated solvents led to total lipid yields of ca. 65–79% compared to the conventional procedure; the two highest yields (
p
< 0.05) were obtained by the use of one-step HX/ET (2:1) and two-step HX/ET extractions. Regarding PL compounds, non-halogenated strategies led to a ca. 66–88% recovery compared to the conventional procedure. Notably, alcohol-containing solvent mixtures provided lipid fractions including higher average PL concentrations than the conventional procedure; thus, two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to significantly higher (
p
< 0.05) concentration values. In all lipid extracts, α-, γ- and δ-tocopherol compounds were detected, the first one being the most abundant. Two-step HX/IP and HX/ET extractions led to higher yields of α- and γ-tocopherol when compared to the conventional procedure. Remarkably, HX-containing mixtures provided lipid extracts including higher (
p
< 0.05) concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol than the conventional procedure; concentration values were especially high if employing HX alone. Extractability differences are discussed and explained on the basis of the polar and non-polar characteristics of the solvents.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00217-024-04634-5</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-8137</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agriculture Analytical Chemistry Biotechnology Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chloroform Ethanol Extraction processes Food Science Forestry Hexanes Lipids Mixtures Original Paper Phospholipids Solvents Squid Tocopherol |
title | Squid discards as a source of phospholipid- and tocopherol-concentrates by employment of non-halogenated solvents |
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