Oryza sativa straw restricts Phalaris minor growth: allelochemicals or soil resource manipulation

• Published in: Biology and fertility of soils 2007-06, Vol.43 (5), p.557-563
• Main Authors: Kaushik, Shalini, Inderjit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Activated charcoal; Allelochemicals; Biological fertilization; Charcoal; Fertilization; Growth; introduced species; Microorganisms; Oryza sativa; Phalaris minor; Phalaris minor Retz; Phenolics; Phenols; Phytotoxicity; Rice; Rice straw; Seedlings; Soil analysis; Soil chemistry; soil microorganisms; Soil properties; Soils; Sterilization; Straw; Wheat
• ISSN: 0178-2762; 1432-0789
• DOI: 10.1007/s00374-006-0136-z

Unharvested stubbles or harvested straw of rice (Oryza sativa L.) gets incorporated into soil and interferes with the seedling growth of crop plants. In this paper, we investigated whether rice straw, either through releasing allelochemicals and/or through manipulating soil properties, influences seedling growth of Phalaris minor Retz., a non-native weed largely restricted to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. One hundred twenty grams of soil was amended with rice straw (0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 g/pot) and its effect on fresh shoot biomass of P. minor was examined. Any modification of rice straw phytotoxicity through the use of washed rice straw, activated charcoal, soil sterilization, or nitrogen fertilization was also studied. We carried out chemical and microbial analysis of soils to examine the role of soil properties in influencing P. minor growth. Incorporation of rice straw into soil suppressed the growth of P. minor through modifying soil properties. A dose-dependent increase in total phenolics was observed in soil amended with rice straw. Activated carbon or washing of rice straw, however, could not ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of rice straw. Our results provide initial evidence that rice straw restricts P. minor growth by manipulating soil chemical and microbiological properties.