Does the Transactional-Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries?

There is universality in the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm. That is, the same conception of phenomena and relationships can be observed in a wide range of organizations and cultures. Exceptions can be understood as a consequence of unusual attributes of the organizations or cult...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American psychologist 1997-02, Vol.52 (2), p.130-139
Main Author: Bass, Bernard M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cross Cultural Differences
Culture
Human
Leadership
Leadership Style
Organizational behavior
Organizational Characteristics
Social psychology
Transformational Leadership
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Summary:There is universality in the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm. That is, the same conception of phenomena and relationships can be observed in a wide range of organizations and cultures. Exceptions can be understood as a consequence of unusual attributes of the organizations or cultures. Three corollaries are discussed. Supportive evidence has been gathered in studies conducted in organizations in business, education, the military, the government, and the independent sector. Likewise, supportive evidence has been accumulated from all but 1 continent to document the applicability of the paradigm.
ISSN:0003-066X
1935-990X
DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130