Mechanizsed microsite preparation and direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris in boreal forests: a way to create desired spacing at low cost

The main objective of this study was to examine the cost, flexibility, and appropriate scale of mechanized microsite preparation (MP), in combination with mechanical direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris L. with orchard seed. This technique was tested at four boreal forest sites in Northern Sweden. Orc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New forests 1999-09, Vol.18 (2), p.179
Main Authors: Wennstroem, U. (Forestry Research Inst. of Sweden, Saevar (Sweden).), Bergsten, U, Nilsson, J.E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Boreal forests
CALIDAD
CRECIMIENTO
CROISSANCE
DIRECT SOWING
EMERGENCE
EMERGENCIA
ESPACEMENT
ESPACIAMIENTO
GROWTH
LEVEE
Pine trees
PINUS SYLVESTRIS
PREPARACION DEL SITIO
PREPARATION DU SITE
QUALITE
QUALITY
SEED
Seeding
Seedlings
Seeds
SEMENCE
SEMILLAS
SEMIS DIRECT
SIEMBRA DIRECTA
SITE PREPARATION
SPACING
SUECIA
SUEDE
SWEDEN
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Summary:The main objective of this study was to examine the cost, flexibility, and appropriate scale of mechanized microsite preparation (MP), in combination with mechanical direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris L. with orchard seed. This technique was tested at four boreal forest sites in Northern Sweden. Orchard and stand seeds were sown with and without MP. The use of orchard seed increased seedling establishment by 41% and the use of MP increased seedling establishment by 47%, respectively, after two years. The best substrates for sowing when using MP were OA^sub h^-, E- and BC-horizon, in ranked order. The use of orchard seed compared to stand seed increased mean seedling height by 25% after four years. These trials suggest that to obtain a density of 5,000 stems ha^sup -1^ four years after seeding, 61,000 viable stand seeds or 41,000 orchard seeds ha^sup -1^ should be sown if MP is not used. If MP is used, seeding rate could be reduced by about 32%. By using MP, and by further improving scarification technique so that all scarified area is thin OA^sub h^-horizon, we predict that only 32,000 stand seeds or 22,000 orchard seeds ha^sup -1^, i.e., half the dosage, should be needed. Under these optimal conditions, it would be necessary to sow about six and four germinable stand and orchard seeds, respectively, to ensure one seedling after four years. Furthermore, regeneration cost would be less than a third that of planting.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0169-4286
1573-5095
DOI:10.1023/A:1006506431344