Draft genome sequence of the oilseed species Ricinus communis

• Published in: Nature biotechnology 2010-09, Vol.28 (9), p.951-956
• Main Authors: Rabinowicz, Pablo D, Chan, Agnes P, Crabtree, Jonathan, Zhao, Qi, Lorenzi, Hernan, Orvis, Joshua, Puiu, Daniela, Melake-Berhan, Admasu, Jones, Kristine M, Redman, Julia, Chen, Grace, Cahoon, Edgar B, Gedil, Melaku, Stanke, Mario, Haas, Brian J, Wortman, Jennifer R, Fraser-Liggett, Claire M, Ravel, Jacques
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/449/2491; 631/61/212/748; Agriculture; Base Sequence; Bioinformatics; Biological & chemical weapons; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Castor beans; Castor oil; Castor oil plant; Economics; Fatty acids; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genes, Plant - genetics; Genes. Genome; Genetic aspects; Genome, Plant - genetics; Genomes; Genomics; Identification and classification; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Life Sciences; Lubricants; Molecular and cellular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Multigene Family - genetics; Plant genetics; Plant Oils - metabolism; Polyploidy; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid - genetics; Ricin - chemistry; Ricin - genetics; Ricinus communis - genetics; Rubber; Rubber trees; Seeds; Seeds - genetics; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Toxicology; Vegetable oils
• ISSN: 1087-0156; 1546-1696
• DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1674

Castor beans are best known as a source of industrial lubricants and the toxic bioterror threat, ricin, and they have potential to provide biofuel. Chan et al . present the draft sequence of the Ricinus communis genome, the first for a member of the Euphorbiaceae. Castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) is an oilseed crop that belongs to the spurge (Euphorbiaceae) family, which comprises ∼6,300 species that include cassava ( Manihot esculenta ), rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) and physic nut ( Jatropha curcas ). It is primarily of economic interest as a source of castor oil, used for the production of high-quality lubricants because of its high proportion of the unusual fatty acid ricinoleic acid. However, castor bean genomics is also relevant to biosecurity as the seeds contain high levels of ricin, a highly toxic, ribosome-inactivating protein. Here we report the draft genome sequence of castor bean (4.6-fold coverage), the first for a member of the Euphorbiaceae. Whereas most of the key genes involved in oil synthesis and turnover are single copy, the number of members of the ricin gene family is larger than previously thought. Comparative genomics analysis suggests the presence of an ancient hexaploidization event that is conserved across the dicotyledonous lineage.