Association mapping of local climate-sensitive quantitative trait loci in Arabidopsis thaliana

Flowering time (FT) is the developmental transition coupling an internal genetic program with external local and seasonal climate cues. The genetic loci sensitive to predictable environmental signals underlie local adaptation. We dissected natural variation in FT across a new global diversity set of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2010-12, Vol.107 (49), p.21199-21204
Main Authors: Li, Yan, Huang, Yu, Bergelson, Joy, Nordborg, Magnus, Borevitz, Justin O., Chory, Joanne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acclimatization - genetics
Adaptations
Alleles
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis thaliana
Biological Sciences
Chromosome Mapping
Climate
Flowering
Flowers & plants
Flowers - genetics
Gene loci
Gene mapping
Genes
Genetic loci
Genetic variation
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics
Germination
Planting seasons
Plants
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Quantitative Trait Loci
Seasons
Seeds
Simulation
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Spain
Spring
Studies
Summer
Sweden
Vegetation mapping
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Summary:Flowering time (FT) is the developmental transition coupling an internal genetic program with external local and seasonal climate cues. The genetic loci sensitive to predictable environmental signals underlie local adaptation. We dissected natural variation in FT across a new global diversity set of 473 unique accessions, with >12,000 plants across two seasonal plantings in each of two simulated local climates, Spain and Sweden. Genome-wide association mapping was carried out with 213,497 SNPs. A total of 12 FT candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) were fine-mapped in two independent studies, including 4 located within ±10 kb of previously cloned FT alleles and 8 novel loci. All QTL show sensitivity to planting season and/or simulated location in a multi-QTL mixed model. Alleles at four QTL were significantly correlated with latitude of origin, implying past selection for faster flowering in southern locations. Finally, maximum seed yield was observed at an optimal FT unique to each season and location, with four FT QTL directly controlling yield. Our results suggest that these major, environmentally sensitive FT QTL play an important role in spatial and temporal adaptation.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1007431107