Posttraumatic growth among Norwegian children and adolescents exposed to the 2004 tsunami

• Published in: Psychological trauma 2011-06, Vol.3 (2), p.130-138
• Main Authors: Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie, Kilmer, Ryan P., Gil-Rivas, Virginia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent Development; Childhood Development; Female; Human; Male; Natural Disasters; Posttraumatic Growth; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Trauma
• ISSN: 1942-9681; 1942-969X
• DOI: 10.1037/a0023236

This study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG), positive change experienced as a result of the struggle with trauma, in children and adolescents exposed to a high-impact disaster, after which their experience of secondary adversity was minimal. The study also examined whether reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time related to reports of PTG. There were 105 participants, age 6 to 17 years, who were directly exposed to the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia. They were interviewed 10 and 30 months after the disaster—PTSS was assessed at both time points, and PTG was assessed at 30 months. The individual's subjective reactions to the event and concurrent PTSS (30-months post-tsunami) were independently and positively related to PTG, whereas the decrease in PTSS was not related to growth. Children and youth in this study reported lower absolute levels of PTG than those in other studies. Taken in sum, findings suggest that secondary adversities may influence posttraumatic reactions and ongoing distress, which are hypothesized to play a key role in the development of PTG. In the absence of such secondary stressors, continued distress in the form of PTSS may serve to catalyze the growth process. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)