On the Definition of Power in an Electrical System

The definitions of power and related quantities, such as apparent power and reactive power, in sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal situations are reviewed. These definitions are compared with the physical mechanisms for the transfer of power in an electrical circuit by means of the Poynting vector. Real po...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power delivery 2007-04, Vol.22 (2), p.1100-1107
Main Author: Sutherland, P.E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apparent power
Applied sciences
Capacitors. Resistors. Filters
Circuits
Electric circuits
Electric power generation
Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering
Electrical power engineering
Energy measurement
Equations
Exact sciences and technology
Fourier analysis
Harmonic analysis
Harmonic distortion
Mathematical analysis
Mean square values
Miscellaneous
nonsinusoidal waveforms
Operation. Load control. Reliability
Power networks and lines
Power system analysis computing
Power system harmonics
Poynting vector
Radio frequency
Reactive power
real power
Resistors
Transformers and inductors
Various equipment and components
Vectors (mathematics)
Voltage
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Description
Summary:The definitions of power and related quantities, such as apparent power and reactive power, in sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal situations are reviewed. These definitions are compared with the physical mechanisms for the transfer of power in an electrical circuit by means of the Poynting vector. Real power flows into and out of resistors; inductors and capacitors are used to provide new definitions for the fundamental power quantities. These definitions do not rely upon the statistical root mean square and Fourier concepts normally used. New power equations are developed, defining real, reactive, and apparent power. These definitions are more exact and easier to use than definitions based upon harmonic analysis
ISSN:0885-8977
1937-4208
DOI:10.1109/TPWRD.2007.893194