Petrology of the mafic sill of Narshingpur-Lakhnadon section, Eastern Deccan volcanic province

• Published in: Journal of the Geological Society of India 2011-04, Vol.77 (4), p.309-327
• Main Authors: Sengupta, Piyali, Ray, Jyotisankar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basalt; Crystals; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Fractionation; Geochemistry; Geological history; Geology; Hydrogeology; Lava; Lava flows; Magma; Petrology; Rocks; Trace elements; Volcanoes
• ISSN: 0016-7622; 0974-6889
• DOI: 10.1007/s12594-011-0037-0

Deccan volcanism with a tremendous burst of volcanic activity marks a unique episode in Indian geological history and covers nearly two third of Peninsular India. Occurrences of mafic sill in the continental basalts are rather rare throughout the flood basalt provinces and only few sporadic reports have been described from different Continental Flood Basalts of the world. In the present article, petrology of mafic sill from the Narshingpur-Lakhnadon section of Eastern Deccan province of India has been presented. The mafic sill in the field is found to occur in a relatively deep valley amidst Gondwana rocks, which occur as the basement of the extrusion. The sill is spatially associated with three initial flows viz. flow I, II and III of adjacent Narshingpur-Harrai-Amarwara section. The sill in its central part is a medium grained rock and petrographically corresponds to dolerite containing augite, plagioclase and rare olivine grains; the chilled facies of the sill is characterized by phenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase and augite that are set in groundmass consisting predominantly of plagioclase, olivine and glass. Mineral chemistry indicates that olivine phenocrystal phase is magnesian (Fo61). Plagioclase phenocrystal composition ranges from An 51 to An 71 whereas the same variation of the groundmass plagioclase composition corresponds to An 31 to An 62. The overlap in the compositions for groundmass and phenocrystal plagioclase may be explained due to fluctuating PH2O condition. The pyroxene compositions (both groundmass and phenocryst) in majority of the cases are clubbed well within the augite field, however, in a few cases, groundmass compositions are found to fall in the sub-calcic augite and pigeonite field. Some zoned pyroxene phenocrysts, characteristically display different types of zoning patterns. Opaque minerals in the mafic sill are found to be magnetite and ilmenite and this coexisting iron-oxide composition helps to constrain the prevalent fO2 condition in the parent magma. The geochemistry of the mafic sill and associated basaltic lava flows indicates close genetic link amongst them. Critical consideration of trace elements indicates a distinct enriched mantle source (EM-I/EM-II/HIMU) for the parental magma. Trace element modeling indicates that equilibrium batch-melting of plume source followed by fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase and subsequent heterogeneous mixing of melt and settled crystals can very well explain t