Power flow in four-wire distribution networks-general approach

The neutral wire in most power flow software is usually merged into phase wires using Kron's reduction. Since the neutral wire and the ground are not explicitly represented, neutral wire and ground currents and voltages remain unknown. In some applications, like power quality and safety analyse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power systems 2003-11, Vol.18 (4), p.1283-1290
Main Authors: Ciric, R.M., Feltrin, A.P., Ochoa, L.F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Application software
Earth
Earth returns
Electric potential
Grounding
Grounds
Intelligent networks
Load flow
Medium voltage
Networks
Power flow
Power quality
Radial distribution
Robustness
Safety
Voltage
Wire
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Summary:The neutral wire in most power flow software is usually merged into phase wires using Kron's reduction. Since the neutral wire and the ground are not explicitly represented, neutral wire and ground currents and voltages remain unknown. In some applications, like power quality and safety analyses, loss analysis, etc., knowing the neutral wire and ground currents and voltages could be of special interest. In this paper, a general power flow algorithm for three-phase four-wire radial distribution networks, considering neutral grounding, based on backward-forward technique, is proposed. In this novel use of the technique, both the neutral wire and ground are explicitly represented. A problem of three-phase distribution system with earth return, as a special case of a four-wire network, is also elucidated. Results obtained from several case studies using medium- and low-voltage test feeders with unbalanced load, are presented and discussed.
ISSN:0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2003.818597