Associations of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption With Advanced or Multiple Colorectal Adenoma Risks: A Colonoscopy-based Case-Control Study in Korea

• Published in: American journal of epidemiology 2011-09, Vol.174 (5), p.552-562
• Main Authors: SHIN, Aesun, CHANG WON HONG, DAE KYUNG SOHN, BYUNG CHANG KIM, KYUNG SU HAN, HEE JIN CHANG, KIM, Jeongseon, JAE HWAN OH
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenoma - diagnosis; Adenoma - epidemiology; Adenoma - etiology; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects; Alcohol use; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Cigarettes; Colonoscopy; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis; Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Colorectal Neoplasms - etiology; Digestive system. Abdomen; Endoscopy; Epidemiology; Female; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; General aspects; Humans; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Korea - epidemiology; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Patients; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking - adverse effects; Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus; Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; Tumors
• ISSN: 0002-9262; 1476-6256
• DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr098

The associations between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking habits and the risk for colorectal adenomatous polyps according to the detailed clinical information about polyps were assessed in a large colonoscopy-based study. The study enrolled participants who visited the National Cancer Center of the Republic of Korea for cancer screening between April 2007 and April 2009. In 1,242 newly diagnosed colorectal adenoma patients and 3,019 polyp-free controls, past smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.65) and current smokers (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.11) had increased risks for adenomas compared with nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking conferred an even higher risk for advanced adenomas and 3 or more adenomas than for low-risk adenomas or a single adenoma. Dose-response relations were observed among the daily number of cigarettes smoked, the duration of smoking, the pack-years of smoking, and the risk for adenomas. A longer duration of alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk for advanced adenomas (for >28 years of consumption: OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.64) and 3 or more adenomas (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.76). In conclusion, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption play roles in colorectal carcinogenesis, and the association differs by the clinical features of the adenomas.