Performance of 256ch flat panel PS-PMT with small crystals for a DOI PET detector

• Published in: IEEE transactions on nuclear science 2005-02, Vol.52 (1), p.15-20
• Main Authors: Inadama, N., Murayama, H., Watanabe, M., Omura, T., Yamashita, T., Kawai, H., Orita, N., Tsuda, T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anodes; Area measurement; Arrays; Crystals; Detectors; Fluctuations; Histograms; Multi-anode photomultiplier tube (PMT); Photomultipliers; position sensitive detector; Position sensitive particle detectors; Positron emission tomography; Prototypes; scintillation detector; Size measurement; small animal positron emission tomography (PET); Spreads; Transit time
• ISSN: 0018-9499; 1558-1578
• DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2004.843148

A 256 channel flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tube (256ch FP-PMT) was evaluated for application to a depth of interaction (DOI) PET detector composed of small crystal elements. The 256ch FP-PMT has 52 /spl times/ 52 mm opening area with 89% useful area. Its 256 anodes are placed at a 3.04 mm interval. To estimate the FP-PMT performance, light spread functions of anodes at central and peripheral regions of a prototype 256ch FP-PMT were measured with a Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (GSO) crystal sized 1.42 /spl times/ 1.42 /spl times/ 4.5 mm. The crystal cross section area is about one quarter of one anode area of the FP-PMT. It was found that light spread functions of peripheral anodes were similar to the functions of central anodes and also the functions measured with a 2.9 /spl times/ 2.9 /spl times/ 7.5 mm GSO crystal which has almost the same dimensions of cross-section as the anode area. Transit time fluctuation among the 256ch FP-PMT anodes was estimated by measuring time resolutions of a LuYSiO/sub 5/ (LYSO) crystal at some central and peripheral positions. The LYSO crystal has the same dimensions as the smaller GSO crystal. BaF/sub 2/ was used for a reference detector. The obtained distributions show about the same time resolution between the central and peripheral positions and the full width at half maximum is (366 /spl plusmn/ 15) ps. The transit time fluctuation is /spl plusmn/ 106 ps. Two-dimensional position histograms of a 32 /spl times/ 32 GSO crystal array and two layers of 9 /spl times/ 9 GSO crystal arrays are obtained by uniform gamma-ray irradiation. The crystal dimensions are 1.42 /spl times/ 1.42 /spl times/ 4.5 mm so that the 32 /spl times/ 32 array covers all the useful area and indicates variation of crystal identification performance over the useful area. The 9 /spl times/ 9 /spl times/ 2 array is coupled to peripheral region. The resultant histograms confirm that a 256ch FP-PMT has enough capability for identifying crystals of this size even on the periphery and in DOI arrangement.