1. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010: The Fraction of Cancer Attributable to Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in the UK in 2010

The overall objective of the study is to estimate the percentage of cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the UK in 2010 that were the result of exposure to 14 major lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, four elements of diet (consumption of meat, fruit and v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of cancer 2011-12, Vol.105 (S2), p.S2-S5
Main Author: PARKIN, D. M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age groups
Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects
Biological and medical sciences
Cancer research
Diet
Diet - adverse effects
Environment
Environment. Living conditions
Environmental Health
Etiology
Female
Humans
Incidence
Life Style
Lifestyles
Lung cancer
Male
Medical research
Medical sciences
Medical screening
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Prostate
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Risk Factors
Skin cancer
Smoking - adverse effects
Tobacco
Tumors
United Kingdom - epidemiology
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Summary:The overall objective of the study is to estimate the percentage of cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the UK in 2010 that were the result of exposure to 14 major lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, four elements of diet (consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables, fibre and salt), overweight, lack of physical exercise, occupation, infections, radiation (ionising and solar), use of hormones and reproductive history (breast feeding). The number of new cases attributable to suboptimal exposure levels in the past, relative to a theoretical optimum exposure distribution, is evaluated. For most of the exposures, the attributable fraction was calculated based on the distribution of exposure prevalence (around 2000), the difference from the theoretical optimum (by age group and sex) and the relative risk per unit difference. For tobacco smoking, the method developed by Peto et al (1992) was used, which relies on the ratio between observed incidence of lung cancer in smokers and that in non-smokers, to calibrate the risk. This article outlines the structure of the supplement - a section for each of the 14 exposures, followed by a Summary chapter, which considers the relative contributions of each factor to the total number of cancers diagnosed in the UK in 2010 that were, in theory, avoidable.
ISSN:0007-0920
1532-1827
DOI:10.1038/bjc.2011.474