Subsidence of Polyetheretherketone Intervertebral Cages in Minimally Invasive Lateral Retroperitoneal Transpsoas Lumbar Interbody Fusion

• Published in: Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976) Pa. 1976), 2012-06, Vol.37 (14), p.1268-1273
• Main Authors: LE, Tien V, BAAJ, Ali A, DAKWAR, Elias, BURKETT, Clinton J, MURRAY, Gisela, SMITH, Donald A, URIBE, Juan S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Cerebrospinal fluid. Meninges. Spinal cord; Female; Humans; Internal Fixators; Ketones; Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging; Lumbar Vertebrae - surgery; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures - adverse effects; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures - instrumentation; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures - methods; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Orthopedic surgery; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - statistics & numerical data; Polyethylene Glycols; Postoperative Complications - diagnostic imaging; Postoperative Complications - etiology; Psoas Muscles - surgery; Radiography; Retroperitoneal Space - surgery; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Fusion - adverse effects; Spinal Fusion - instrumentation; Spinal Fusion - methods; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
• ISSN: 0362-2436; 1528-1159
• DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3182458b2f

A retrospective review. The objective is to evaluate subsidence related to minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal lumbar interbody fusion by reviewing our experience with this procedure. Polyetheretherketone intervertebral cages of different lengths, widths, and heights filled with various allograft types are commonly used as spacers in lumbar fusions. Subsidence is a potential complication. To date, there are no published reports specifically addressing subsidence, because it relates to a series of patients undergoing minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion. An institutional review board-approved, retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted. One hundred forty consecutive patients who underwent this procedure between L1 and L5 during a 2-year period were included. All patients had T scores of -2.5 or more. Postoperative radiographs during routine follow-ups were reviewed for subsidence, defined as any violation of the vertebral end plate. Radiographical subsidence occurred in 14.3% (20 of 140), whereas clinical subsidence occurred in 2.1%. Subsidence occurred in 8.8% (21 of 238) of levels fused. Construct length had a significant positive correlation with increasing subsidence rates. Subsidence rates decreased progressively with lower levels in the lumbar spine, but had a higher than expected rate at L4-L5. Subsidence rates of 14.1% (19 of 135) and 1.9% (2 of 103) were associated with 18-and 22-mm-wide cages, respectively. No significant trends were observed with cage lengths. Supplemental lateral plates had a higher rate of subsidence than bilateral pedicle screws. Subsidence occurred at the superior end plate 70% of the time. The use of wider intervertebral cages leads to a significantly lower rate of subsidence, but a longer cage does not necessarily offer a similar advantage. Wide cages are protective against subsidence, and the widest cages should be used whenever feasible for interbody fusion in the lumbar spine to protect indirect compression and promote arthrodesis.