Cold-blooded loneliness: Social exclusion leads to lower skin temperatures

• Published in: Acta psychologica 2012-07, Vol.140 (3), p.283-288
• Main Authors: IJzerman, Hans, Gallucci, Marcello, Pouw, Wim T.J.L., Weiβgerber, Sophia C., Van Doesum, Niels J., Williams, Kipling D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Cold Temperature; Conceptual metaphors; Embodiment; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Grounded cognition; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Loneliness; Male; Metaphor; Physical warmth; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Relationships; Skin Temperature; Social Distance; Social interactions. Communication. Group processes; Social psychology; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0001-6918; 1873-6297
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.05.002

Being ostracized or excluded, even briefly and by strangers, is painful and threatens fundamental needs. Recent work by Zhong and Leonardelli (2008) found that excluded individuals perceive the room as cooler and that they desire warmer drinks. A perspective that many rely on in embodiment is the theoretical idea that people use metaphorical associations to understand social exclusion (see Landau, Meier, & Keefer, 2010). We suggest that people feel colder because they are colder. The results strongly support the idea that more complex metaphorical understandings of social relations are scaffolded onto literal changes in bodily temperature: Being excluded in an online ball tossing game leads to lower finger temperatures (Study 1), while the negative affect typically experienced after such social exclusion is alleviated after holding a cup of warm tea (Study 2). The authors discuss further implications for the interaction between body and social relations specifically, and for basic and cognitive systems in general. ► We socially excluded versus included participants in two experiments. ► Social exclusion (vs. inclusion) leads to participants’ finger temperature to drop. ► Holding warm tea leads participants’ negative affect to drop to inclusion level. ► We conclude that people use “evolved simulators” to interpret their social relations.