Design and implementation of second-order microwave integrators

In this letter, we propose the second‐order integrators in the Z domain; the second‐order integrators are obtained by interpolating the traditional Simpson's‐ and trapezoidal‐rule integrators. This formulation, in conjunction with the representations of transmission‐line elements in the Z domai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microwave and optical technology letters 2011-09, Vol.53 (9), p.1983-1986
Main Authors: Tsai, Lin-Chuan, Fang, Han-Sheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Format
Formulations
Integrators
microwave integrator
Microwaves
On-line systems
Online
Representations
Simpson's-rule
trapezoidal-rule
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Summary:In this letter, we propose the second‐order integrators in the Z domain; the second‐order integrators are obtained by interpolating the traditional Simpson's‐ and trapezoidal‐rule integrators. This formulation, in conjunction with the representations of transmission‐line elements in the Z domain, leads to the transmission‐line configuration that is eligible for a microwave integrator. We implement second‐order integrators in the microstrip format that has an operating frequency up to 8.5 GHz. The frequency responses of the second‐order integrators were measured to validate this new formulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26210
ISSN:0895-2477
1098-2760
1098-2760
DOI:10.1002/mop.26210