Acute Effects of Ethanol on Glutamate Receptors

• Published in: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 2012-07, Vol.111 (1), p.4-13
• Main Authors: Möykkynen, Tommi, Korpi, Esa R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute effects; alpha -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors; Amygdala; Amygdala - drug effects; Amygdala - metabolism; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Brain; Ethanol; Ethanol - toxicity; Glutamic acid receptors; Hippocampus; Hippocampus - drug effects; Hippocampus - metabolism; Humans; Intoxication; Long-term potentiation; Long-Term Potentiation - drug effects; Medical sciences; Memory; Motor task performance; N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid; N-Methylaspartate - antagonists & inhibitors; N-Methylaspartate - drug effects; N-Methylaspartate - metabolism; Neostriatum; Nervous system; Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Plasticity (synaptic); Receptors, AMPA - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, AMPA - drug effects; Receptors, AMPA - metabolism; Receptors, Glutamate - drug effects; Receptors, Glutamate - metabolism; Receptors, Kainic Acid - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, Kainic Acid - drug effects; regulatory proteins; Toxicity Tests, Acute
• ISSN: 1742-7835; 1742-7843
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00879.x

Several studies have revealed that acute ethanol inhibits the function of glutamate receptors. Glutamate receptor‐mediated synaptic plasticity, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐dependent long‐term potentiation, is also inhibited by ethanol. However, the inhibition seems to be restricted to certain brain areas such as the hippocampus, amygdala and striatum. Ethanol inhibition of glutamate receptors generally requires relatively high concentrations and may therefore explain consequences of severe ethanol intoxication such as impairment of motor performance and memory. Effects of ethanol on glutamate system of developing nervous system may have a role in causing foetal alcohol syndrome. Newly found regulatory proteins of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA receptors seem to affect ethanol inhibition thus opening new lines of research.