Loading…
Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions
Purpose The aim of this work was to study the temporal changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides in a sandy clay loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under controlled laboratory conditions and the influence that fungicides properties and soil characteristics have on these pro...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Journal of soils and sediments 2012-08, Vol.12 (7), p.1111-1123 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83 |
| container_end_page | 1123 |
| container_issue | 7 |
| container_start_page | 1111 |
| container_title | Journal of soils and sediments |
| container_volume | 12 |
| creator | Marín-Benito, Jesús M. Andrades, M. Soledad Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia Sánchez-Martín, María J. |
| description | Purpose
The aim of this work was to study the temporal changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides in a sandy clay loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under controlled laboratory conditions and the influence that fungicides properties and soil characteristics have on these processes. Soil amendment with SMS is becoming a widespread management practice since it can effectively solve the problems of uncontrolled SMS accumulation and disposal and improve soil quality. However, when simultaneously applied with pesticides, SMS can significantly modify the environmental behaviour of these compounds.
Materials and methods
Sorption–desorption isotherms of metalaxyl, penconazole, pyrimethanil and iprovalicarb for unamended and amended vineyard soils from La Rioja (Spain) were obtained. Composted SMS (C-SMS) and fresh SMS (F-SMS) from cultivation of different mushrooms were used as amendments at 2 % and 10 % rates. Soil parameters (organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)) and sorption (Kf, nf, Kd, Koc) and desorption (Kfd, nfd, H) parameters of fungicides were determined over 0, 6 and 12 months of soil incubation with SMS under controlled conditions.
Results and discussion
Addition of amendments to soil increased soil sorption capacity of fungicides. Kd values increased with the hydrophobic character of fungicides (metalaxyl |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11368-012-0525-x |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1028036036</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2706300091</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctKxDAYhYsoOI4-gLuAGzfVP2naZpYyeAPBja5L2iQzGdpkTFqZwY3v4Bv6JP5lFEQQQm7nO4eQkySnFC4oQHkZKc0KkQJlKeQsTzd7yYQWlKclF7CPe57NUAVxmBzFuALISpQnydt8Kd1CR2Id6ZeaRB_WvfXu8_1D6Z8D8YaYwS1sY_GS-FcdSG87PZokjk47pRWJ0qktaVq5Ja2XHWbZlgwoBdLK2gfZ-4C6d8qOqfE4OTCyjfrke50mzzfXT_O79OHx9n5-9ZBKTvM-rSk1fMaNFoYXStfAcKZQKihkUQtZUgMmz7nQwErTNJCLGWhVgMihaBqRTZPzXe46-JdBx77qbGx020qn_RArCkxAVuBA9OwPuvJDcPi6keIMWM45UnRHNcHHGLSp1sF2MmwRqsY6ql0dFdZRjXVUG_SwnSciiz8efif_Z_oCf8uQEQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1024202544</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Marín-Benito, Jesús M. ; Andrades, M. Soledad ; Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia ; Sánchez-Martín, María J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Marín-Benito, Jesús M. ; Andrades, M. Soledad ; Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia ; Sánchez-Martín, María J.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The aim of this work was to study the temporal changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides in a sandy clay loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under controlled laboratory conditions and the influence that fungicides properties and soil characteristics have on these processes. Soil amendment with SMS is becoming a widespread management practice since it can effectively solve the problems of uncontrolled SMS accumulation and disposal and improve soil quality. However, when simultaneously applied with pesticides, SMS can significantly modify the environmental behaviour of these compounds.
Materials and methods
Sorption–desorption isotherms of metalaxyl, penconazole, pyrimethanil and iprovalicarb for unamended and amended vineyard soils from La Rioja (Spain) were obtained. Composted SMS (C-SMS) and fresh SMS (F-SMS) from cultivation of different mushrooms were used as amendments at 2 % and 10 % rates. Soil parameters (organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)) and sorption (Kf, nf, Kd, Koc) and desorption (Kfd, nfd, H) parameters of fungicides were determined over 0, 6 and 12 months of soil incubation with SMS under controlled conditions.
Results and discussion
Addition of amendments to soil increased soil sorption capacity of fungicides. Kd values increased with the hydrophobic character of fungicides (metalaxyl < iprovalicarb < pyrimethanil < penconazole) at both amendment rates. The lower content of DOC and the higher degree of OC humification enhanced sorption of all fungicides by the soil + C-SMS with regard to the soil + F-SMS. In general, sorption of fungicides decreased after 6 and 12 months of soil + SMS incubation, although the humification degree of the remaining OC expressed by HA/FA increased. This might indicate that the OC content was more important for fungicide sorption than the changes in its nature with the incubation time. SMS addition favoured desorption of metalaxyl and iprovalicarb, in general, whereas irreversible sorption of penconazole and pyrimethanil increased. However, the opposite trends were observed when the soil + SMS incubation time increased.
Conclusions
The results show an increase in sorption of all fungicides by amending soil with composted or fresh SMS. However, desorption of fungicides increases or decreases depending on the properties of fungicides and soil + SMS. Changes in both processes with the incubation time are more related to the OC content of the amended soil than to the evolution of its nature. These outcomes are of interest for extending SMS application to soil with minimal or no environmental risk when used simultaneously with fungicides.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-0108</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7480</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11368-012-0525-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Clay loam ; Crop residues ; Desorption ; Dissolved organic carbon ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental behavior ; Environmental Physics ; Environmental risk ; Fulvic acids ; Fungicides ; Humic acids ; Humification ; Loam soils ; Pesticides ; Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article ; Soil amendment ; Soil quality ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Soil sciences ; Soils ; Sorption</subject><ispartof>Journal of soils and sediments, 2012-08, Vol.12 (7), p.1111-1123</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marín-Benito, Jesús M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrades, M. Soledad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez-Martín, María J.</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions</title><title>Journal of soils and sediments</title><addtitle>J Soils Sediments</addtitle><description>Purpose
The aim of this work was to study the temporal changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides in a sandy clay loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under controlled laboratory conditions and the influence that fungicides properties and soil characteristics have on these processes. Soil amendment with SMS is becoming a widespread management practice since it can effectively solve the problems of uncontrolled SMS accumulation and disposal and improve soil quality. However, when simultaneously applied with pesticides, SMS can significantly modify the environmental behaviour of these compounds.
Materials and methods
Sorption–desorption isotherms of metalaxyl, penconazole, pyrimethanil and iprovalicarb for unamended and amended vineyard soils from La Rioja (Spain) were obtained. Composted SMS (C-SMS) and fresh SMS (F-SMS) from cultivation of different mushrooms were used as amendments at 2 % and 10 % rates. Soil parameters (organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)) and sorption (Kf, nf, Kd, Koc) and desorption (Kfd, nfd, H) parameters of fungicides were determined over 0, 6 and 12 months of soil incubation with SMS under controlled conditions.
Results and discussion
Addition of amendments to soil increased soil sorption capacity of fungicides. Kd values increased with the hydrophobic character of fungicides (metalaxyl < iprovalicarb < pyrimethanil < penconazole) at both amendment rates. The lower content of DOC and the higher degree of OC humification enhanced sorption of all fungicides by the soil + C-SMS with regard to the soil + F-SMS. In general, sorption of fungicides decreased after 6 and 12 months of soil + SMS incubation, although the humification degree of the remaining OC expressed by HA/FA increased. This might indicate that the OC content was more important for fungicide sorption than the changes in its nature with the incubation time. SMS addition favoured desorption of metalaxyl and iprovalicarb, in general, whereas irreversible sorption of penconazole and pyrimethanil increased. However, the opposite trends were observed when the soil + SMS incubation time increased.
Conclusions
The results show an increase in sorption of all fungicides by amending soil with composted or fresh SMS. However, desorption of fungicides increases or decreases depending on the properties of fungicides and soil + SMS. Changes in both processes with the incubation time are more related to the OC content of the amended soil than to the evolution of its nature. These outcomes are of interest for extending SMS application to soil with minimal or no environmental risk when used simultaneously with fungicides.</description><subject>Clay loam</subject><subject>Crop residues</subject><subject>Desorption</subject><subject>Dissolved organic carbon</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental behavior</subject><subject>Environmental Physics</subject><subject>Environmental risk</subject><subject>Fulvic acids</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Humic acids</subject><subject>Humification</subject><subject>Loam soils</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article</subject><subject>Soil amendment</subject><subject>Soil quality</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Soil sciences</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Sorption</subject><issn>1439-0108</issn><issn>1614-7480</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kctKxDAYhYsoOI4-gLuAGzfVP2naZpYyeAPBja5L2iQzGdpkTFqZwY3v4Bv6JP5lFEQQQm7nO4eQkySnFC4oQHkZKc0KkQJlKeQsTzd7yYQWlKclF7CPe57NUAVxmBzFuALISpQnydt8Kd1CR2Id6ZeaRB_WvfXu8_1D6Z8D8YaYwS1sY_GS-FcdSG87PZokjk47pRWJ0qktaVq5Ja2XHWbZlgwoBdLK2gfZ-4C6d8qOqfE4OTCyjfrke50mzzfXT_O79OHx9n5-9ZBKTvM-rSk1fMaNFoYXStfAcKZQKihkUQtZUgMmz7nQwErTNJCLGWhVgMihaBqRTZPzXe46-JdBx77qbGx020qn_RArCkxAVuBA9OwPuvJDcPi6keIMWM45UnRHNcHHGLSp1sF2MmwRqsY6ql0dFdZRjXVUG_SwnSciiz8efif_Z_oCf8uQEQ</recordid><startdate>20120801</startdate><enddate>20120801</enddate><creator>Marín-Benito, Jesús M.</creator><creator>Andrades, M. Soledad</creator><creator>Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia</creator><creator>Sánchez-Martín, María J.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120801</creationdate><title>Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions</title><author>Marín-Benito, Jesús M. ; Andrades, M. Soledad ; Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia ; Sánchez-Martín, María J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Clay loam</topic><topic>Crop residues</topic><topic>Desorption</topic><topic>Dissolved organic carbon</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental behavior</topic><topic>Environmental Physics</topic><topic>Environmental risk</topic><topic>Fulvic acids</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>Humic acids</topic><topic>Humification</topic><topic>Loam soils</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article</topic><topic>Soil amendment</topic><topic>Soil quality</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Soil sciences</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Sorption</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marín-Benito, Jesús M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrades, M. Soledad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez-Martín, María J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of soils and sediments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marín-Benito, Jesús M.</au><au>Andrades, M. Soledad</au><au>Rodríguez-Cruz, M. Sonia</au><au>Sánchez-Martín, María J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions</atitle><jtitle>Journal of soils and sediments</jtitle><stitle>J Soils Sediments</stitle><date>2012-08-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1111</spage><epage>1123</epage><pages>1111-1123</pages><issn>1439-0108</issn><eissn>1614-7480</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The aim of this work was to study the temporal changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides in a sandy clay loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under controlled laboratory conditions and the influence that fungicides properties and soil characteristics have on these processes. Soil amendment with SMS is becoming a widespread management practice since it can effectively solve the problems of uncontrolled SMS accumulation and disposal and improve soil quality. However, when simultaneously applied with pesticides, SMS can significantly modify the environmental behaviour of these compounds.
Materials and methods
Sorption–desorption isotherms of metalaxyl, penconazole, pyrimethanil and iprovalicarb for unamended and amended vineyard soils from La Rioja (Spain) were obtained. Composted SMS (C-SMS) and fresh SMS (F-SMS) from cultivation of different mushrooms were used as amendments at 2 % and 10 % rates. Soil parameters (organic carbon (OC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA)) and sorption (Kf, nf, Kd, Koc) and desorption (Kfd, nfd, H) parameters of fungicides were determined over 0, 6 and 12 months of soil incubation with SMS under controlled conditions.
Results and discussion
Addition of amendments to soil increased soil sorption capacity of fungicides. Kd values increased with the hydrophobic character of fungicides (metalaxyl < iprovalicarb < pyrimethanil < penconazole) at both amendment rates. The lower content of DOC and the higher degree of OC humification enhanced sorption of all fungicides by the soil + C-SMS with regard to the soil + F-SMS. In general, sorption of fungicides decreased after 6 and 12 months of soil + SMS incubation, although the humification degree of the remaining OC expressed by HA/FA increased. This might indicate that the OC content was more important for fungicide sorption than the changes in its nature with the incubation time. SMS addition favoured desorption of metalaxyl and iprovalicarb, in general, whereas irreversible sorption of penconazole and pyrimethanil increased. However, the opposite trends were observed when the soil + SMS incubation time increased.
Conclusions
The results show an increase in sorption of all fungicides by amending soil with composted or fresh SMS. However, desorption of fungicides increases or decreases depending on the properties of fungicides and soil + SMS. Changes in both processes with the incubation time are more related to the OC content of the amended soil than to the evolution of its nature. These outcomes are of interest for extending SMS application to soil with minimal or no environmental risk when used simultaneously with fungicides.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s11368-012-0525-x</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1439-0108 |
| ispartof | Journal of soils and sediments, 2012-08, Vol.12 (7), p.1111-1123 |
| issn | 1439-0108 1614-7480 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1028036036 |
| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Clay loam Crop residues Desorption Dissolved organic carbon Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental behavior Environmental Physics Environmental risk Fulvic acids Fungicides Humic acids Humification Loam soils Pesticides Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article Soil amendment Soil quality Soil Science & Conservation Soil sciences Soils Sorption |
| title | Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T12%3A23%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Changes%20in%20the%20sorption%E2%80%93desorption%20of%20fungicides%20over%20time%20in%20an%20amended%20sandy%20clay%20loam%20soil%20under%20laboratory%20conditions&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20soils%20and%20sediments&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADn-Benito,%20Jes%C3%BAs%20M.&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1111&rft.epage=1123&rft.pages=1111-1123&rft.issn=1439-0108&rft.eissn=1614-7480&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11368-012-0525-x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2706300091%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-b11f494fe8f46deb026de107d06a6b8a71f0f5548e027fcc05890ed608506cc83%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1024202544&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |