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Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size-related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)

With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes...

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Published in:Journal of morphology (1931) 2012-09, Vol.273 (9), p.1064-1078
Main Authors: Fischer, Stefan, Meyer-Rochow, V. Benno, Müller, Carsten H. G.
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description With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). Size‐related evolutionary adaptations of the ommatidial organization include (1) the involvement of only five rhabdomeres in the formation of the distal rhabdom (2) the complete absence of a rhabdomere of the eighth (= basal) retinula cell, (3) the “hourglass” shape of the rhabdom with a characteristic narrow waist separating distal from proximal portion, and (4) the reduction to one single layer of tracheoles as an adaptation to the overall restricted space available in this minute eye. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jmor.20045
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subjects Animals
Biological Evolution
Body Size
Compound Eye, Arthropod
insects
Lepidoptera
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
miniaturization
Moths - ultrastructure
ommatidia
Optical Phenomena
Organ Size
ultrastructure
vision
title Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size-related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)
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