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Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size-related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)
With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes...
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Published in: | Journal of morphology (1931) 2012-09, Vol.273 (9), p.1064-1078 |
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container_title | Journal of morphology (1931) |
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creator | Fischer, Stefan Meyer-Rochow, V. Benno Müller, Carsten H. G. |
description | With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). Size‐related evolutionary adaptations of the ommatidial organization include (1) the involvement of only five rhabdomeres in the formation of the distal rhabdom (2) the complete absence of a rhabdomere of the eighth (= basal) retinula cell, (3) the “hourglass” shape of the rhabdom with a characteristic narrow waist separating distal from proximal portion, and (4) the reduction to one single layer of tracheoles as an adaptation to the overall restricted space available in this minute eye. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jmor.20045 |
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Benno ; Müller, Carsten H. G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Stefan ; Meyer-Rochow, V. Benno ; Müller, Carsten H. G.</creatorcontrib><description>With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). Size‐related evolutionary adaptations of the ommatidial organization include (1) the involvement of only five rhabdomeres in the formation of the distal rhabdom (2) the complete absence of a rhabdomere of the eighth (= basal) retinula cell, (3) the “hourglass” shape of the rhabdom with a characteristic narrow waist separating distal from proximal portion, and (4) the reduction to one single layer of tracheoles as an adaptation to the overall restricted space available in this minute eye. J. 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Benno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Carsten H. G.</creatorcontrib><title>Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size-related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)</title><title>Journal of morphology (1931)</title><addtitle>J. Morphol</addtitle><description>With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). Size‐related evolutionary adaptations of the ommatidial organization include (1) the involvement of only five rhabdomeres in the formation of the distal rhabdom (2) the complete absence of a rhabdomere of the eighth (= basal) retinula cell, (3) the “hourglass” shape of the rhabdom with a characteristic narrow waist separating distal from proximal portion, and (4) the reduction to one single layer of tracheoles as an adaptation to the overall restricted space available in this minute eye. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Body Size</subject><subject>Compound Eye, Arthropod</subject><subject>insects</subject><subject>Lepidoptera</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</subject><subject>miniaturization</subject><subject>Moths - ultrastructure</subject><subject>ommatidia</subject><subject>Optical Phenomena</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>ultrastructure</subject><subject>vision</subject><issn>0362-2525</issn><issn>1097-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kctuFDEQRS0EIkNgwwcgLwNSBz_abTs7NEACGhIJCCwtj7t64uB-YLsFw4fwvXgySZasSlU696qqLkLPKTmmhLDX1_0YjxkhtXiAFpRoWdWNkg_RgvCGVUwwcYCepHRNCNFa0MfogDHJtNZ0gf4ur2wIMGz8sMHB9z6nE3wZcrQpx9nlOQK2Q4uT_wNVhGAztLibB5f9ONiA3TgU0PohJzx2OF9BGfXTOBcNbGE3-5L9pocQLO69i2NBor9pj1Yw-XacMkR7gs9hyt7NwbcWXj5FjzobEjy7rYfo8v27r8uzanVx-mH5ZlW5mktRKSqpotppqWjbsU46yoApEJpzRsW6W5fOcqV40zjHqNJCSyFF3eq1apXgh-ho7zvF8ecMKZveJ7fbboBxToYSzmtRS04K-mqPlhtSitCZKfrexm2BzC4Hs8vB3ORQ4Be3vvO6h_YevXt8Aege-OUDbP9jZT5-uvh8Z1rtNT5l-H2vsfGHaWR5h_l-fmpWir8949-EYfwfcQSkYA</recordid><startdate>201209</startdate><enddate>201209</enddate><creator>Fischer, Stefan</creator><creator>Meyer-Rochow, V. 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Morphol</addtitle><date>2012-09</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>273</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1064</spage><epage>1078</epage><pages>1064-1078</pages><issn>0362-2525</issn><eissn>1097-4687</eissn><abstract>With a body length of only 2 mm, the nepticulid Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton, 1854) is one of the smallest moths known to date. We investigated the optical design of its lemon‐shaped compound eyes, which measure 83.60 μm in anterior–posterior and 119.77 μm in dorso‐ventral direction. The eyes consist of about 123 facets, each of the latter just 9.9 μm in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an optical design with features intermediate between apposition and superposition optics similar to that known from two other small species of moths (one Nepticulid and one Gracillarid). 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subjects | Animals Biological Evolution Body Size Compound Eye, Arthropod insects Lepidoptera Microscopy, Electron, Transmission miniaturization Moths - ultrastructure ommatidia Optical Phenomena Organ Size ultrastructure vision |
title | Challenging limits: Ultrastructure and size-related functional constraints of the compound eye of Stigmella microtheriella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) |
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