The development of immune-modulating compounds to disrupt HIV latency

Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proved highly effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication and disease progression. Nevertheless, ART has failed to eliminate the virus from infected individuals. The main obstacle to HIV-1 eradication is the persistence of cellular viral reservoirs. Therefore...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2012-08, Vol.23 (4), p.159-172
Main Authors: Remoli, Anna Lisa, Marsili, Giulia, Battistini, Angela, Sgarbanti, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advanced Basic Science
antiretroviral therapy
Cytokines
Growth factors
HDAC inhibitors
Histone deacetylase
HIV-1 eradication
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Immune-modulation
Immunomodulation
Immunosuppressive agents
Non-tumourigenic PKC activators
Protein kinase C
Replication
Shock
Transcriptional elongation
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Summary:Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proved highly effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication and disease progression. Nevertheless, ART has failed to eliminate the virus from infected individuals. The main obstacle to HIV-1 eradication is the persistence of cellular viral reservoirs. Therefore, the “shock-and-kill” strategy was proposed consisting of inducing HIV-1 escape from latency, in the presence of ART. This is followed by the elimination of reactivated, virus-producing cells. Immune modulators, including protein kinase C (PKC) activators, anti-leukemic drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have all demonstrated efficacy in the reactivation of latent virus replication. This review will focus on the potential use of these small molecules in the “shock and kill” strategy, the molecular basis for their action and the potential advantages of their immune-modulating activities.
ISSN:1359-6101
DOI:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.003