Novel neurological and immunological targets for salicylate-based phytopharmaceuticals and for the anti-depressant imipramine

Inflammatory processes are increasingly recognised to contribute to neurological and neuropsychatric disorders such as depression. Thus we investigated whether a standardized willow bark preparation (WB) which contains among other constituents salicin, the forerunner of non-steroidal antiphlogistic...

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Published in:Phytomedicine (Stuttgart) 2012-07, Vol.19 (10), p.930-939
Main Authors: Ulrich-Merzenich, G., Kelber, O., Koptina, A., Freischmidt, A., Heilmann, J., Müller, J., Zeitler, H., Seidel, M.F., Ludwig, M., Heinrich, E.U., Winterhoff, H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antidepressive Agents - pharmacology
Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic - pharmacology
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic - therapeutic use
Benzyl Alcohols - analysis
Benzyl Alcohols - pharmacology
Benzyl Alcohols - therapeutic use
Brain - drug effects
Brain - immunology
Brain - metabolism
Cytokines - blood
Depression - drug therapy
Depression - immunology
Depression - metabolism
Depression, Mental
Dosage and administration
Drug Delivery Systems
Drug therapy
Flavonoids - analysis
Flavonoids - pharmacology
Flavonoids - therapeutic use
Gene Expression
Genetic aspects
Glucosides - pharmacology
Glucosides - therapeutic use
Imipramine
Imipramine - pharmacology
Imipramine - therapeutic use
Inflammation
Inflammation - drug therapy
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - metabolism
Interleukins
Male
Microarray
Microarray Analysis
Multitargeting
Neurological diseases
Physiological aspects
Phytotherapy
Plant Bark
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Polyphenols
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
RNA
Salicylates
Salicylic Acid - pharmacology
Salicylic Acid - therapeutic use
Salix - chemistry
Serotonin - metabolism
Swimming
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Summary:Inflammatory processes are increasingly recognised to contribute to neurological and neuropsychatric disorders such as depression. Thus we investigated whether a standardized willow bark preparation (WB) which contains among other constituents salicin, the forerunner of non-steroidal antiphlogistic drugs, would have an effect in a standard model of depression, the forced swimming test (FST), compared to the antidepressant imipramine. Studies were accompanied by gene expression analyses. In order to allocate potential effects to the different constituents of WB, fractions of the extract with different compositions of salicyl alcohol derivative and polyphenols were also investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=12/group) were treated for 14 days (p.o.) with the WB preparation STW 33-I (group A) and its fractions (FR) (groups FR-B to E) in concentrations of 30mg/kg. The FRs were characterized by a high content of flavone and chalcone glycosides (FR-B), flavonoid glycosides and salicyl alcohol derivatives (FR-C), salicin and related salicyl alcohol derivatives (FR-D) and proanthocyanidines (FR-E). The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20mg/kg) (F) was used as positive control. The FST was performed on day 15. The cumulative immobility time was significantly (p2 fold, p
ISSN:0944-7113
1618-095X
DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.004