Sintering and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free Na sub(0.5)K sub(0.5)NbO sub(3) Piezoelectric Ceramics

Lead-free Na sub(0.5)K sub(0.5)NbO sub(3) (NKN) piezoelectric ceramics were fairly well densified at a relatively low temperature under atmospheric conditions. A relative density of 96%-99% can be achieved by either using high-energy attrition milling or adding 1 mol% oxide additives. It is suggeste...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Ceramic Society 2006-06, Vol.89 (6), p.2010-2015
Main Authors: Zuo, Ruzhong, Roedel, Juergen, Chen, Renzheng, Li, Longtu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Density
Dielectric constant
Dielectric loss
Dielectric properties
Oxides
Piezoelectric ceramics
Piezoelectricity
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
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Summary:Lead-free Na sub(0.5)K sub(0.5)NbO sub(3) (NKN) piezoelectric ceramics were fairly well densified at a relatively low temperature under atmospheric conditions. A relative density of 96%-99% can be achieved by either using high-energy attrition milling or adding 1 mol% oxide additives. It is suggested that ultra-fine starting powders by active milling or oxygen vacancies and even liquid phases from B-site oxide additives mainly lead to improved sintering. Not only were dielectric properties influenced by oxide additives, such as the Curie temperature (T sub(c)) and dielectric loss (D), but also the ferroelectricity was modified. A relatively large remanent polarization was produced, ranging from 16 kC-cm super(2) for pure NKN to 23 kC-cm super(2) for ZnO-added NKN samples. The following dielectric and piezoelectric properties were obtained: relative permittivity e super()T sub(3)3e sub()0570-650, planar mode electromechanical coupling factor, k sub(p)=32%-44%, and piezoelectric strain constant, d sub(33)=92-117 pC-N.
ISSN:0002-7820
1551-2916
DOI:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00991.x