Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on immune functions of human neutrophils

• Published in: Journal of periodontal research 2012-10, Vol.47 (5), p.635-644
• Main Authors: Hung, S-L., Chiang, H-H., Wu, C-Y., Hsu, M-J., Chen, Y-T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AKT protein; Antibodies, Viral - immunology; Antigen-Antibody Complex - immunology; Antigen-antibody complexes; Biological and medical sciences; Dentistry; Enzyme immunoassay; Female; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorometry; Gelatin; Gelatinase B; Glycogen synthase kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 - analysis; herpes simplex virus; Herpes simplex virus 1; Herpesvirus 1, Human - immunology; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immune response; Immune Sera - immunology; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - immunology; Infection; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - analysis; Interleukin 8; Interleukin-8 - analysis; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Leukotriene B4; Leukotriene B4 - analysis; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - analysis; matrix metalloproteinase-9; Medical sciences; neutrophil; Neutrophils - drug effects; Neutrophils - enzymology; Neutrophils - immunology; Oncogene Protein v-akt - analysis; Opsonization; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Pathogens; Periodontal diseases; Phagosomes; Phagosomes - virology; Phosphorylation; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - analysis; Stomatitis, Herpetic - immunology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye; Virus Attachment; Western blotting; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0022-3484; 1600-0765
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01476.x

Hung S‐L, Chiang H‐H, Wu C‐Y, Hsu M‐J, Chen Y‐T. Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on immune functions of human neutrophils. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 635–644. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:  Herpesviruses may play roles in the development of periodontal diseases. This study analyzed the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection on neutrophil function. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, during HSV‐1 infection were also determined. Material and Methods:  Purified HSV‐1 was pretreated with buffer containing no serum, with HSV‐1 immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐positive serum (HSV‐1 antiserum) or with control serum. Neutrophils were mock‐infected or infected with the pretreated HSV‐1. Viral binding and phagosome formation were detected using immunostaining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate and fluorometry. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were detected using enzyme immunoassays. Release of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was examined using gelatin zymography. Phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) was determined using western blotting. Results:  HSV‐1 bound directly to neutrophils and enhanced the release of MMP‐9. HSV‐1 immune complexes, formed in the HSV‐1 antiserum, bound neutrophils and induced the formation of early phagosome more effectively than did HSV‐1 alone. The relative levels of ROS and phosphorylation of Akt/GSK‐3 were increased significantly in neutrophils after infection with HSV‐1 immune complexes. Infection with HSV‐1 and HSV‐1 immune complexes also stimulated the production of inflammatory mediators, LTB4 and IL‐8. Moreover, LPS enhanced the HSV‐1‐stimulatory production of IL‐8. Conclusion:  This study demonstrated differences in neutrophils infected with HSV‐1 alone or with HSV‐1 immune complexes, suggesting that opsonization of HSV‐1 might enhance its effects on neutrophils. The in vitro findings suggest that HSV‐1 infection may induce the inflammatory response and affect periodontal health.