Immobilization Mechanisms of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) to Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2) Surfaces for Biosensing Applications

Immobilization of biomolecular probes to the sensing substrate is a critical step for biosensor fabrication. In this work we investigated the phosphate-dependent, oriented immobilization of DNA to hafnium dioxide surfaces for biosensing applications. Phosphate-dependent immobilization was confirmed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ACS applied materials & interfaces 2012-10, Vol.4 (10), p.5360-5368
Main Authors: Fahrenkopf, Nicholas M, Rice, P. Zachary, Bergkvist, Magnus, Deskins, N. Aaron, Cady, Nathaniel C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosensing Techniques
DNA - analysis
Hafnium - chemistry
Immobilized Nucleic Acids - chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Oxides - chemistry
Surface Properties
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Summary:Immobilization of biomolecular probes to the sensing substrate is a critical step for biosensor fabrication. In this work we investigated the phosphate-dependent, oriented immobilization of DNA to hafnium dioxide surfaces for biosensing applications. Phosphate-dependent immobilization was confirmed on a wide range of hafnium oxide surfaces; however, a second interaction mode was observed on monoclinic hafnium dioxide. On the basis of previous materials studies on these films, DNA immobilization studies, and density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we propose that this secondary interaction is between the exposed nucleobases of single stranded DNA and the surface. The lattice spacing of monoclinic hafnium dioxide matches the base-to-base pitch of DNA. Monoclinic hafnium dioxide is advantageous for nanoelectronic applications, yet because of this secondary DNA immobilization mechanism, it could impede DNA hybridization or cause nonspecific surface intereactions. Nonetheless, DNA immobilization on polycrystalline and amorphous hafnium dioxide is predominately mediated by the terminal phosphate in an oriented manner which is desirable for biosensing applications.
ISSN:1944-8244
1944-8252
DOI:10.1021/am3013032