The Co-occurrence of Reading Disorder and ADHD: Epidemiology, Treatment, Psychosocial Impact, and Economic Burden

The co-occurrence of reading disorder (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received increasing attention. This review summarizes the epidemiology, treatment strategies, psychosocial impact, and economic burden associated with the co-occurrence of these conditions. Common gene...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of learning disabilities 2012-11, Vol.45 (6), p.538-564
Main Authors: Sexton, Chris C., Gelhorn, Heather L., Bell, Jill A., Classi, Peter M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic Failure
At Risk Students
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - economics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - epidemiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Behavior Modification
Behavior Problems
Biological and medical sciences
Burden
Child
Children
Clinical research
Comorbidity
Cost of Illness
Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes
Drug Therapy
Dyslexia
Dyslexia - complications
Dyslexia - economics
Dyslexia - epidemiology
Dyslexia - psychology
Dyslexia - therapy
Economic Factors
Epidemiology
Female
Humans
Intervention
Learning disabilities
Long term effects
Male
Medical sciences
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurological Impairments
Neurology
Neuropsychological functioning
Neuropsychology
Program Effectiveness
Psychological Patterns
Psychology
Psychosocial factors
Psychosocial therapy
Reading Difficulties
Reading disabilities
Socioeconomic factors
Special education
Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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Description
Summary:The co-occurrence of reading disorder (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received increasing attention. This review summarizes the epidemiology, treatment strategies, psychosocial impact, and economic burden associated with the co-occurrence of these conditions. Common genetic and neuropsychological deficits may partially explain the high degree of overlap between RD and ADHD. Children who face the additive problems of both disorders are at greater risk for academic failure, psychosocial consequences, and poor long-term outcomes that persist into adulthood. However, few studies have evaluated interventions targeted to this patient population, underscoring the importance of identifying effective multimodal treatments that address the neuropsychological deficits of RD and ADHD through carefully planned clinical research.
ISSN:0022-2194
1538-4780
DOI:10.1177/0022219411407772