Hydration, morbidity, and mortality in vulnerable populations

Both acute and chronic fluid deficits have been shown to be associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. At the extreme, deprivation of water for more than a few days inevitably leads to death, but even modest fluid deficits may precipitate adverse events, especially in young children, in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrition reviews 2012-11, Vol.70 (11), p.S152-S155
Main Author: Maughan, Ronald J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age Factors
Biological and medical sciences
dehydration
Dehydration - mortality
Diet
Drinking Water - administration & dosage
Drinking Water - metabolism
elderly
Environment
Epidemiology
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fluids
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Health
Health Status
Hot Temperature - adverse effects
Humans
hydration
Morbidity
Mortality
Nutritional Requirements
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
Vulnerable Populations
Water-Electrolyte Balance - physiology
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Summary:Both acute and chronic fluid deficits have been shown to be associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. At the extreme, deprivation of water for more than a few days inevitably leads to death, but even modest fluid deficits may precipitate adverse events, especially in young children, in the frail elderly and in those with poor health. Epidemiological studies have shown an association, although not necessarily a causal one, between a low habitual fluid intake and some chronic diseases, including urolithiasis, constipation, asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetic hyperglycemia, and some cancers. Acute hypohydration may be a precipitating factor in a number of acute medical conditions in elderly persons. Increased mortality, especially in vulnerable populations, is commonly observed during periods of abnormally warm weather, with at least part of this effect due to failure to increase water intake, and this may have some important implications for those responsible for forward planning in healthcare facilities.
ISSN:0029-6643
1753-4887
DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00531.x