Duration of serological response to canine parvovirus-type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 and canine parainfluenza virus in client-owned dogs in Australia

• Published in: Australian veterinary journal 2012-12, Vol.90 (12), p.468-473
• Main Authors: Mitchell, SA, Zwijnenberg, RJ, Huang, J, Hodge, A, Day, MJ
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenoviridae - immunology; Adenovirus; Animals; antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Australia; Canine distemper virus; Distemper Virus, Canine - immunology; Dog Diseases - prevention & control; Dog Diseases - virology; Dogs; Female; Hemagglutination Tests - veterinary; immunity; Male; Neutralization Tests - veterinary; Parainfluenza virus; Parvovirus, Canine - immunology; Respirovirus - immunology; Seroepidemiologic Studies; serological response; Time Factors; vaccination; vaccines; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Virus Diseases - prevention & control; Virus Diseases - veterinary
• ISSN: 0005-0423; 1751-0813
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.01009.x

Objective To determine whether client‐owned dogs in Australia, last vaccinated with Canvac® vaccines containing canine parvovirus‐type 2 (CPV‐2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV‐2) ± canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) at least 18 months ago, were seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination. Methods A total of 235 dogs were recruited from 23 veterinary clinics, representing a variety of breeds, ages and time since last vaccination (TSLV: range 1.5–9 years, mean 2.8 years). Dogs had a blood sample taken and were revaccinated on day 0. A second blood sample was taken 7–14 days later. Blood samples were assessed for antibody titres to CPV‐2 (by haemagglutination inhibition) and CDV, CAV type 1 (CAV‐1) and CPiV (by virus neutralisation). Dogs with a day 0 titre >10 or a four‐fold increase in titre following revaccination were considered to be serological responders. Results The overall percentage of dogs classified as serological responders was 98.7% for CPV‐2, 96.6% for CDV, 99.6% for CAV‐1 and 90.3% for CPiV. Conclusions These results suggest that the duration of serological response induced by modified‐live vaccines against CPV‐2, CDV, CAV‐1 and CPiV, including Canvac® vaccines, is beyond 18 months and may extend up to 9 years. Accordingly, these vaccines may be considered for use in extended revaccination interval protocols as recommended by current canine vaccine guidelines.