Cyclooxygenases: Proliferation and differentiation

Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyctooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Mainly two cyctooxygenase isoforms have been identified which are now known as cyclooxygenase-1 and cyctooxygenase-2. Both iso-enzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:African journal of biotechnology 2012-11, Vol.11 (90), p.15600-15616
Main Authors: Rastegar, Hossein, Ashtiani, Hamid Reza Ahmadi, Mirzaei, Akram, Bakhshandi, Ali Karimi
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyctooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Mainly two cyctooxygenase isoforms have been identified which are now known as cyclooxygenase-1 and cyctooxygenase-2. Both iso-enzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. The two isoenzymes are similar in protein structure but are produced by divergent genes and have different biological functions. Cyctooxygenase-1 is a constitutively expressed enzyme in most mammalian tissues and maintains normal cellular physiological functions, such as platelet aggregation and gastric cytoprotection; while cyclooxygenase-2 is normally expressed at a very low level in most tissues and is highly inducible by growth factors, cytokines, and tumour promoters. In several studies, the effect of cyclooxygenases on different cell types has been investigated. This review focuses on cyclooxygenases function, cell proliferation and differentiation.
ISSN:1684-5315
1684-5315
DOI:10.5897/AJB11.1889