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Origins of Human Cooperation and Morality

From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of cooperation. Cooperation requires individuals either to suppress their own self-interest or to equate it with that of others. We review recent research on the origins of human morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and ontogenetic (re...

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Published in:	Annual review of psychology 2013-01, Vol.64 (1), p.231-255
Main Authors:	TOMASELLO, Michael, VAISH, Amrisha
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Child, Preschool Cooperation Cooperative Behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Helping Behavior Humans Interpersonal Relations Morality Morals Pan troglodytes Phylogenetics Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Skills Social Behavior Social interactions. Communication. Group processes Social psychology
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description	From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of cooperation. Cooperation requires individuals either to suppress their own self-interest or to equate it with that of others. We review recent research on the origins of human morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and ontogenetic (research with children). For both time frames we propose a two-step sequence: first a second-personal morality in which individuals are sympathetic or fair to particular others, and second an agent-neutral morality in which individuals follow and enforce group-wide social norms. Human morality arose evolutionarily as a set of skills and motives for cooperating with others, and the ontogeny of these skills and motives unfolds in part naturally and in part as a result of sociocultural contexts and interactions.
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Psychology</topic><topic>Helping Behavior</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relations</topic><topic>Morality</topic><topic>Morals</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Skills</topic><topic>Social Behavior</topic><topic>Social interactions. Communication. Group processes</topic><topic>Social psychology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>TOMASELLO, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAISH, Amrisha</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annual review of psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>TOMASELLO, Michael</au><au>VAISH, Amrisha</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Origins of Human Cooperation and Morality</atitle><jtitle>Annual review of psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Annu Rev Psychol</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>231</spage><epage>255</epage><pages>231-255</pages><issn>0066-4308</issn><eissn>1545-2085</eissn><coden>ARPSAC</coden><abstract>From an evolutionary perspective, morality is a form of cooperation. 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source	International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); Annual Reviews
subjects	Animals Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Child, Preschool Cooperation Cooperative Behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Helping Behavior Humans Interpersonal Relations Morality Morals Pan troglodytes Phylogenetics Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Skills Social Behavior Social interactions. Communication. Group processes Social psychology
title	Origins of Human Cooperation and Morality
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