Chronology of Hip Dysplasia Development in a Cohort of 48 Labrador Retrievers Followed for Life

OBJECTIVE: To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. ANIMALS: Paired littermates, 48 Labrador retrievers. METHODS: Conventional, ventrodorsal, hip‐extended (HE...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary surgery 2012, Vol.41 (1), p.20-33
Main Authors: Smith, Gail K., Lawler, Dennis F., Biery, Darryl N., Powers, Michelle Y., Shofer, Frances, Gregor, Thomas P., Karbe, Georga T., McDonald-Lynch, Mischa B., Evans, Richard H., Kealy, Richard D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal diseases
Animals
Cohort Studies
Dogs
Female
Hip Dysplasia, Canine - pathology
Hip joint
Hip Joint - pathology
Longevity
Male
Osteoarthritis, Hip - pathology
Osteoarthritis, Hip - veterinary
Radiography
Veterinary medicine
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Summary:OBJECTIVE: To determine the chronology of radiographic signs of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), specifically joint laxity and secondary osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. ANIMALS: Paired littermates, 48 Labrador retrievers. METHODS: Conventional, ventrodorsal, hip‐extended (HE) radiographs were evaluated yearly for CHD according to the subjective criteria of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). PennHIP screening was performed at 2 years of age to assess joint laxity by distraction index (DI). Histopathologic evaluation of coxofemoral joints was performed at the dogs’ natural end of life. RESULTS: Coxofemoral subluxation, as identified on the HE radiograph occurred by 2 years of age and not thereafter. Accuracy of OFA‐criteria scoring was poor: 55% of dogs scored “normal” at 2 years of age became radiographically dysplastic by the end of life (45% negative predictive value, NPV); 92% of the dogs scored as normal at 2 years of age had histopathologic OA of CHD (8% NPV). The DI predicted all 48 dogs to be susceptible to OA of CHD and 98% had radiographic or histopathologic OA by the end of life. CONCLUSION: OFA‐criteria score was profoundly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet restriction and age, reducing its value as a selection criterion. DI measurements were not influenced by dietary treatment suggesting higher trait heritability.
ISSN:0161-3499
1532-950X
DOI:10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00935.x