Associations between gastric sensorimotor function, depression, somatization, and symptom-based subgroups in functional gastroduodenal disorders: are all symptoms equal?

• Published in: Neurogastroenterology and motility 2012-12, Vol.24 (12), p.1088-e565
• Main Authors: Clauwaert, N., Jones, M. P., Holvoet, L., Vandenberghe, J., Vos, R., Tack, J., Van Oudenhove, L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Breath Tests; Data processing; Depression; Depression - complications; Depression - psychology; Dyspepsia; Factor analysis; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; functional gastroduodenal disorders; Gastric emptying; Gastric Emptying - physiology; gastric sensorimotor function; Gastrointestinal Diseases - physiopathology; Gastrointestinal Diseases - psychology; Humans; Inventories; Male; Manometry; Mathematical models; Nausea; Pain; Pain Threshold; sensorimotor system; somatization; Somatoform Disorders - complications; Somatoform Disorders - psychology; structural equation modeling; Studies; symptom-based subgroups; Vomiting
• ISSN: 1350-1925; 1365-2982
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01985.x

Background  Previous work indicated that psychosocial factors (depression and somatization) are more strongly associated with symptom severity and weight loss in functional dyspepsia (FD) than gastric sensorimotor function. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the association of these etiopathogenetic factors with Rome III symptom‐based subgroups in FD [epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), postprandial distress syndrome (PDS)]. We aimed to test whether gastric sensitivity and emptying, depression, and somatization are differentially associated with empirically derived functional gastroduodenal disorders (FGD) symptom factors in one comprehensive model. Methods  In 259 tertiary care FD patients, we studied gastric sensorimotor function with barostat and gastric emptying breath test. Depression, somatization, and FGD symptoms were measured using self‐report questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on 7 FGD symptoms was used to determine the fit of a latent variable structure based on Rome III symptom‐based subgroups. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the putative relationships of the symptom factors with gastric sensorimotor function, depression, and somatization. Key Results  The results of the CFA show a good fit [Cmin/DF = 1.54, CFI(comparative fit index) = 0.97] for the three‐factor solution based on Rome III subgroups. The SEM also fitted the data well (Cmin/DF = 1.24, CFI = 0.98) and demonstrated that gastric sensitivity and depression are associated with PDS and nausea and vomiting. Gastric emptying is uniquely associated with EPS and somatization is strongly associated with all three symptom factors. Conclusions & Inferences  Confirmatory factor analysis confirms the existence of three FGD symptom factors, corresponding to Rome III symptom‐based subgroups. The SEM results suggest that different psychobiological mechanisms may play a role in these subgroups.