Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and transfer of lipids to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in vegan and omnivore subjects

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2013-01, Vol.23 (1), p.61-67
• Main Authors: Vinagre, J.C, Vinagre, C.G, Pozzi, F.S, Slywitch, E, Maranhão, R.C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; animal-based foods; atherosclerosis; biochemical pathways; blood serum; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cardiovascular; chemical precipitation; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Esters - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP); Chylomicrons; Diet, Vegetarian; emulsions; Emulsions - administration & dosage; Emulsions - pharmacokinetics; Female; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Humans; intravenous injection; Lipolysis; Lipoproteins - administration & dosage; Lipoproteins - pharmacokinetics; Lipoproteins, HDL - chemistry; Lipoproteins, HDL - metabolism; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nanoemulsions; Nanoparticles; oleic acid; omnivores; Particle Size; phospholipids; risk; triacylglycerols; Triglycerides - administration & dosage; Triglycerides - pharmacokinetics; Triolein - analysis; Tritium; vegan diet; Vegetarian diets
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.02.011

Abstract Background and aims Vegan diet excludes all foodstuffs of animal origin and leads to cholesterol lowering and possibly reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. The aim was to investigate whether vegan diet improves the metabolic pathway of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, consisting in lipoprotein lipolysis and removal from circulation of the resulting remnants and to verify whether the diet alters HDL metabolism by changing lipid transfers to this lipoprotein. Methods and results 21 vegan and 29 omnivores eutrophic and normolipidemic subjects were intravenously injected triglyceride-rich emulsions labeled with14 C-cholesterol oleate and3 H-triolein: fractional clearance rates (FCR, in min−1 ) were calculated from samples collected during 60 min for radioactive counting. Lipid transfer to HDL was assayed by incubating plasma samples with a donor nanoemulsion labeled with radioactive lipids; % lipids transferred to HDL were quantified in supernatant after chemical precipitation of non-HDL fractions and nanoemulsion. Serum LDL cholesterol was lower in vegans than in omnivores (2.1 ± 0.8, 2.7 ± 0.7 mmol/L, respectively, p