The Effect of Diode Response of Electromagnetic Field Probes for the Measurements of Complex Signals

Diode detectors present inside electromagnetic field probes are typically calibrated for linearity using continuous sinusoidal waveforms (CW). In this paper, it is shown that CW linearization is not adequate for the measurement of complex wireless communication signals with high peak-to-average powe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility 2012-12, Vol.54 (6), p.1195-1204
Main Authors: Nadakuduti, J., Kuhn, S., Fehr, M., Douglas, M., Pokovic, K., Kuster, N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Calibration
Diodes
Dosimetry
electromagnetic field probes
Electromagnetic fields
Electronics
Errors
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
High-voltage diodes
Intense particle beams and radiation sources
Lasers
Linearity
Linearization
Magnetohydrodynamic generators and thermionic convertors
plasma diodes
Measurement uncertainty
Noise levels
Numerical models
Optics
Physics
Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges
Physics of plasmas and electric discharges
Plasma devices
Probes
Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices
Semiconductor lasers
laser diodes
Specific absorption rate
Wireless communication
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Summary:Diode detectors present inside electromagnetic field probes are typically calibrated for linearity using continuous sinusoidal waveforms (CW). In this paper, it is shown that CW linearization is not adequate for the measurement of complex wireless communication signals with high peak-to-average power ratios. While previous analog and digital communication signals (1G and 2G) can be more easily corrected for linearity, newer 3G and 4G communication protocols employ complex modulations with stochastic signal envelopes. As a result, proper linearization depends on the diode response and signal characteristics, and large errors results if CW linearization is used. The errors introduced when measuring such signals with probes employing CW linearization are quantified in this paper. A numerical model of the diode response is provided and validated against measurements. Errors due to CW linearization can exceed 2 dB, whereas linearity errors within 0.4 dB are attainable using the proposed calibration procedures for even increased dynamic ranges.
ISSN:0018-9375
1558-187X
DOI:10.1109/TEMC.2012.2201160